专题13 语法填空（议论文）
1.(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中高三第二次调研)
Adversity (逆境) can beat you down, __1__ probably it also has the ability to make you stronger. The impact and ultimate result depend on __2__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way.
Beethoven composed one of his __3__ (great) works after going deaf. Sir Walter Raleigh wrote The History of the World during his thirteen-year imprisonment. Had Columbus turned back, no one could __4__ (blame) him. Of course, no one would have remembered __5__， either. Abraham Lincoln made great achievements by his display of wisdom during the Civil War.
Eventually, consider a more recent example. For sixteen years, Mary Groda-Lewis had a difficult time in recognizing and comprehending the written words on account of a learning disorder. She __6__ (put) in prison on two different occasions and almost died of a stroke when __7__ (bear) a child. Committed to going to college, she did a variety of odd jobs to save money. When she graduated from high school at eighteen, she was considered as an outstanding student and finally entered college __8__ (success). Determined to become a doctor, she received many medical school __9__ (reject) before Albany Medical College finally accepted her. In 1984，Dr Mary Groda-Lewis, __10__ was thirty-five years old then, graduated with honors and realized her dream.
【答案】1. but/yet 2. what 3. greatest 4. have blamed 5. him 6. was put 7. bearing 8. successfully 9. rejections10. who
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过列举许多名人的例子来说明，逆境可能会打到你，但是也可能会让你变得更强，这取决于你如何面对困难。
1. but/yet 考查连词。句意：逆境可能会打倒你，但是也可能会让你变得更强。前后句表示转折关系，所以填but/yet。
2. what 考查宾语从句的连接词。“__2__ you do with the difficulties that come in your way”作动词短语depend on的宾语，设空处引导该宾语从句且在从句中作do的宾语，表示“所……的事情”，所以填what。
3. greatest 考查形容词的最高级。句意：贝多芬在耳朵失聪以后，创作了他最伟大的作品之一。文中表示“最伟大的”，应用最高级，所以填greatest。
4. have blamed 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果哥伦布中途返回，没有人会责备他。与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋had done＋其他，主句：主语＋should/would/could/might＋have done＋其他，所以填have blamed。
5. him 考查代词。句意：当然，也没有人会记得他。该空指代上文的“哥伦布”，作动词宾语应用宾格，所以填him。
6. was put 考查动词的时态和语态。发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；“She”和“put in prison”两者之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以填was put。
7. bearing 考查非谓语动词。 此处bear的逻辑主语是she，两者之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作时间状语，所以填bearing。
8. successfully 考查词性转换。该空修饰动词entered，应用副词，所以填successfully。
9. rejections 考查词性转换。句意：在奥尔巴尼医学院最终接受她之前，她被许多医学院拒绝。该空作received的宾语，用名词，且被many修饰，应用可数名词的复数形式，所以填rejections。
10. who 考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。“__10__ was thirty-five years old then”是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“Dr Mary Groda-Lewis”，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以填who。 2.【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次调研】
Today, Mount Qomolangma’s peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3500 people have___41___ (successful) climbed the mountain over the past years. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about___42___(wait) for hours in the bottlenecks. In fact, the dangerous___43___(crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need ___44___(bring) a lot of gear (装置) and much of them ends up being left on the mountains. becoming the world's___45___ (tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is___46___ some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008.So far they___47___(collect)over 13 tons of garbage. Some of that rubbish is even being used for___48___ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8844 Art Project. a group of 15 artists Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They’ve changed the cans and oxygen tanks into74 piece of art that have are exhibited___49___Nepal’s capital. Part of the profit from sales_____50_____ (be) available for the Everest Pakeers Association which has helped ole rubbish of the mountain.
【答案】41. successfully 42. waiting 43. crowds 44. to bring 45. tallest 46. that 47. have collected 48. a 49. in 50. is
【解析】这是一篇议论文。有很多人成功登顶珠峰的同时，他们遗留的垃圾也造成了环境问题。幸好有环保登山者，他们致力于清理珠峰，并做出了巨大成绩。收集的垃圾被制成艺术品陈列在尼泊尔首都，目的是提醒人们环保登峰。
41.考查副词。句意：在过去的几年里已经有超过3500人成功登顶珠穆朗玛峰。climbed为动词，应用副词修饰。故填successfully。
42.考查动名词作宾语。句意：与此同时，登山者们抱怨在瓶颈路段等候时间很长。句中about是介词，其后接动名词形式作宾语。故填waiting。
43.考查主谓一致。句意：事实上，这些危险的人群不是唯一的问题。分析句子结构可知，提示词作为句子主语，谓语动词是are，所以主语用复数形式。故填crowds。
44.考查固定短语。句意：所有的登山人员都需要带很多的装备，这些装备中有很多最终都被留在了珠峰上，
成为世界上最高的垃圾场。根据固定搭配need to do sth（需要做某事）可知，此处应该用不定式形式。故填to bring。
45.考查形容词最高级。句意：所有的登山人员都需要带很多的装备，这些装备中有很多最终都被留在了珠峰上，成为世界上最高的垃圾场。句中的“rubbish dump”是名词词组，所以用形容词修饰，再根据句意此处为“世界最高的垃圾场”，故用形容词最高级。故填tallest。
46.考查表语从句。句意：但好消息是一些登山者现在正在从事清扫珠穆朗玛峰的工作。分析句子机构可知，此处是表语从句，从句some mountaineers are overtaking it to clean up Qomolangma的句子成分和句意都是完整的，所以用连接词that。故填that。
47.考查时态。句意：到目前为止，他们已经收集了超过13吨垃圾。句中so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时的标志词，主语是they，故用have done。故填have collected。
48.考查冠词。句意：那些垃圾中的一部分甚至有一个更高的使用目的。句中purpose是可数名词，根据句意此处不是特指，故用不定冠词。故填a。
49.考查介词。句意：他们已经把易拉罐和氧气瓶变成了74件艺术品，这些艺术品已在尼泊尔的首都展出。根据句意可知，此处应为“在尼泊尔的首都”，所以使用介词in。故填in。
50.考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，be动词对应的主语是profit（利益，利润），它是不可数名词，根据全文判断时态为一般现在时。故填is。
3.More and more middle school students are going to all kinds of training classes or __1__ (have) family teachers at weekends. There are two different viewpoints __2__ it.
Some think __3__ necessary. First of all, it's __4__ (effective) to study with a teacher than by themselves. Secondly, it can strengthen __5__ they have learned in class. Besides, they can learn a lot more. Others think it __6__ (necessary). For one thing, students can easily form the habit of dependence. For __7__， students need time to relax from time to time. What's more, the purpose of many training classes and family teachers __8__ (be) to make money.
In my opinion, whether a training class or family teacher __9__ (need) just depends. Be sure to choose a good and __10__ (suit) class or teacher, or it would be a waste of time and money.
【答案】1. having 2. on 3. it 4. more effective 5. what 6. unnecessary 7. another 8. is 9. is needed 10. suitable
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。如今越来越多的中学生开始参加各种各样的培训班或者请家教。人们对此持有不同的观点。
1. having 考查并列结构的省略。句意：越来越多的中学生开始在周末参加各种各样的辅导班或者请家教。分析句子结构可知，or连接两个相同的成分：are going与are having。为了避免重复，省去第二个并列成分中的助动词are，故填having。
2. on 考查介词。句意：人们对此有两种不同的意见。根据句意可知，填介词on，意为“关于”。
3. it 考查代词。句意：一些人认为这是有必要的。根据句意可知，设空处指代上文提到的上辅导班或者请家教这件事。故填代词it。
4. more effective 考查形容词的比较级。句意：首先，有老师辅导比自学效率更高。根据下文中的提示词than可知，此处应用比较级。effective是多音节形容词，故填more effective。
5. what 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：其次，这样可以巩固他们在课堂上所学的内容。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，且意为“……的事物(东西)”。故填what。
6. unnecessary 考查词形转换。句意：另外一些人认为这没有必要。此处表述第二种观点，即相反的观点，故此处应该为否定意义。故填necessary的反义词unnecessary，意为“没必要的”。
7. another 考查固定搭配。句意：一方面，学生容易养成依赖的习惯；另一方面，学生们偶尔也需要时间放松。for one thing . . . , for another . . . 为固定搭配，意为“一方面……，另一方面……”。故填another。
8. is 考查主谓一致。句意：况且，许多辅导班和家教的目的就是为了赚钱。分析句子结构可知，句子的主语是the purpose，为第三人称单数。故填is。
9. is needed 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：依我看，是否需要上辅导班或者请家教要视情况而定。本句主语是whether引导的主语从句，从句中的主语a training class or family teacher与动词need之间存在被动关系，主语为单数，且此处描述作者的观点，应用一般现在时。故填is needed。
10. suitable 考查词性转换。句意：一定要选一个好的、合适的辅导班或者老师，要不然就是浪费时间和金钱。修饰名词应用形容词suitable。
4.Over the years I have been teaching kids about a simple but powerful concept—the ant philosophy (哲学), an __1__ (amaze) four-part philosophy.
First, ants never quit. If they are heading somewhere and you try to stop them, they will climb over. They will climb under or climb around. They never quit __2__ (look) for a way to get where they __3__ (suppose) to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer. They are always gathering their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making __4__ (prepare) for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer and think about rocks __5__ you enjoy the sand and sun. Third, ants think about summer all winter. During the winter, they remind __6__ (they), “This won't last long and we will soon be out of here. ” On __7__ first warm day, the ants are out. If it __8__ (turn) cold again, they will dive back down. But they come out again if it is warm. Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All that it __9__ (possible) can. __10__ you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up , look ahead, stay positive and do all you can!
【答案】1. amazing 2. looking 3. are supposed 4. preparations 5. when/as 6. themselves 7. the 8. turns 9. possibly 10. What
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了四种蚂蚁哲学。我们人类也应该向它们学习。 1. amazing 考查非谓语动词。此处修饰物，用amazing。
2. looking 考查动名词。quit doing sth. “停止做某事”。 故填looking。
3. are supposed 考查固定短语。be supposed to do sth. “应该做某事” ，故填are supposed。
4. preparations 考查词性转换。根据句意用prepare的名词形式preparations，即固定短语make preparations for。
5. when/as 考查状语从句的连接词。表示时间，用连词when或as都可以。 6. themselves 考查代词。根据句意“他们提醒他们自己”，用反身代词themselves。 7. the 考查冠词。表示顺序时序数词前用定冠词the。
8. turns 考查动词的时态。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，故用turns。 9. possibly 考查词性转换。修饰动词，故用副词possibly。
10. What 考查名词性从句的连接词。“________ you can learn from the ant philosophy”是主语从句，从句中缺宾语，意为“……的事物(东西)”，故用What引导名词性从句。
5.Many students may feel __1__ (stress) because of their parents. Most parents have good intentions, __2__ some of them aren't very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in __3__ (adjust) to college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children's __4__ (difficulty).
For one thing, parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They don't realize that the __5__ (compete) is stronger, that the required standards of work are __6__ (high), and that their children may not be prepared for __7__ change. They may be upset by their children's poor grades. At their kindest, they may __8__ (gentle) ask why John or Mary isn't doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. At their worst, they may threaten __9__ (take) their children out of college or cut off living expenses.
Sometimes parents think it right and natural that they determine __10__ their children do with their lives. They forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way.
【答案】1. stressed 2. but/yet 3. adjusting 4. difficulties 5. competition 6. higher 7. the 8. gently 9. to take 10. what
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。孩子上大学后，难以适应更激烈的竞争和更高的学习要求，出现了各种问题。然后，有的父母不能正确认识孩子问题产生的原因，只是采用威胁等错误的方法来应对，这让孩子压力更大，面临的困难更多。
1. stressed 考查词性转换。句意：许多学生或许因为他们的父母而感到焦虑不安。名词stress有两个派生形容词：stressed意为“焦虑不安的，无法放松的”；stressful意为“充满压力的，紧张的”。此处是形容人的心理状态，故填stressed。
2. but/yet 考查连词。此处表示大多数父母意图良好，但有些父母对他们的儿女在适应大学生活上遇到的问题没有多大帮助。由空格前的good和空格后的aren't very helpful可知，上下文之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。
3. adjusting 考查非谓语动词。此处使用了have problems in doing sth. 这一结构，意为“做某事有困难”。其中“their sons and daughters . . . to college”是定语从句，修饰先行词the problems; 关系代词that/which作have的宾语，代替problems，但已被省略。动名词短语作介词in的宾语，故填adjusting。
4. difficulties 考查名词。此处表示一些父母似乎费尽心思增加孩子们的困难。名词所有格中的名词为
2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破13 语法填空(议论文)(含解析)
