2018年高考英语母题题源系列05 阅读理解（科普）
SYS201805310701一、阅读理解 详细信息 1. 难度：中等 【广东省佛山市高明区第一中学2017届高三上学期第二次大考】D Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(长寿)? Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100. The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times. Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways. Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible. Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets. Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults, which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger. Personality isn’t destiny, and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change. But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health. 1.The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is ________. A. to see whether people’s personality affects their life span B. to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health C. to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life D. to examine all the factors contributing to longevity 2.What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people? A. They have a good understanding of evolution. B. They are better at negotiating an agreement. C. They generally appear more resourceful. D. They are more likely to get over hardship. 3.What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation? A. Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life. B. Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times. C. Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity. D. Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity. 4.What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show? A. Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers. B. People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner. C. Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers. D. Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans. SYS20180531070 详细信息 2. 难度：中等 【四川省成都市第七中学2017届高三二诊】D Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a report by the UK newspaper. The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University, Japan and American company Johnson & Johnson conducted the study together. They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japan's Okinawa District. They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳) of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas. The findings are supported by the Japan Meteorological (气象的) Agency. According to the agency, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height. Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. That's why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes. If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes. Long-term exposure to UV radiation, however, can be more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness. 1.You would most likely find the article in . A. a doctor's diary B. a travel journal C. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook 2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness. B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesn't harm them at all. C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin. D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and the UK. 3.Human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach because . A. Snow produces more UV light than water. B. People don’t wear sunscreen while skiing as they do while sitting on the beach. C. The reflection rate of UV light in snow-covered areas is much higher than that on the beach. D. Human eyes are exposed longer to UV light in the snow- covered areas than on the beach. 4.What will the passage most probably talk about next? A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan. B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined. C. Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas. D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas. SYS20180531070 详细信息 3. 难度：中等 【吉林省长白山市2017届高三第二次模拟】C You have never seen him, but they're with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you're traveling and whether everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand（经受得住）almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a magic book. They're known as the black box. When planes fall from the sky,as a Yemeni airliner did on its way to Comoros Islands in the India ocean June 30,2009,the black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong.So when a French submarine（潜水艇）detected the device's homing signal five days later,the discovery marked a huge step toward determining the cause of a tragedy in which 152 passengers were killed. In 1958,Australian scientist David Warren developed a flight-memory recorder that would track basic information like altitude and direction.That was the first mode for a black box,which became a requirement on all U.S.commercial flights by 1960.Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device（装置）was completely redesigned and moved to the back of the plane-the area least affected bu impact-from its original position in the landing wells（起落架舱). The same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility. Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots' conversations, and a flight-data recorder,which monitors fuel levels,engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft's final moments.Placed in an insulated ( 隔绝的) case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel,the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000℉.When in deep water,they're also able to emit signals from depths of 20,000 ft.Experts believe the boxes from Air France Flight 447,which crashed near Brazil on June 1,2009,are in water nearly that deep,but statistics say they're still likely to turn up.In the approximately 20 deep-sea crashes over the past 30 years,only one plane's black boxes were never recovered. 1.In Paragraph 1，the author wants to say the black box_________. A. comes from a comic book B. is an necessary device on an airplane C. can prevent disasters D. can control the function of an airplane 2.From the black box on the Yemeni airliner _________ could be found. A. the scene of the crash and the degree of the damage B. the total number of passengers on board C. homing signals sent by the pilot before the crash D. data for analyzing the cause of the crash 3.Why was the black box redesigned in 1965? A. The early models often got damaged in the crash. B. New materials became available by that time. C. Too much space was needed for its device. D. The early models didn't provide the needed data. 4.What do we know about the black boxes from Air France Flight 447? A. They have stopped sending homing signals. B. There is an urgent need for them to be reconstructed. C. There is still a good chance of their being recovered. D. They were destroyed somewhere near Brazil.
2018年高考英语母题题源系列05 阅读理解(科普)
