2012.11.03 北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试真题及答案
PartⅠ Reading Comprehension (30%)
Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet。 Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage :
It seems like every day there's some new research about whether our favorite drinks are good for us ,(76)One day ,science says a glass of red wine a day will help us live longer The next day ,maybe not It seems journalists are pretty interested in wine research and the same might be said for coffee .Now there's been a lot of research into whether coffee's good for our health \mixed\in a medical journal recently.\been some evidence that coffee might increase the risk of certain diseases and there's also been maybe more recent evidence that coffee may protect against other diseases as well\。
Freedman and his colleagues undertook the biggest study yet to look at the relationship between coffee and health They analyzed data collected from more than 400,000 Americans ages 50 to 71 participating in the study \found that the coffee drinkers had a modestly lower risk of death than the non-drinkers ,\said .Here's what he means by \about 10 percent or 15 percent less likely to die for any reason during the 13 years of the study when the researchers looked at specific causes of death ,coffee drinking appeared to cut the risk of dying from heart disease lung disease injuries ,accidents and infections
Now ,Freedman stressed that the study doesn't prove coffee can make people live longer. A study like this can never prove a cause-and-effect relationship (77)All it can really do is to point researchers in the right direction for further investigation And even if it turns out that coffee is really good for you, scientists have no idea why
它似乎每天都有一些新的研究是否我们最喜欢的饮料对我们很好,(76)一天,科学说一杯红酒有一天会帮助我们活得更长第二天,也许不是似乎记者很感兴趣的研究和相同的葡萄酒可能说喝咖啡。现在已经有很多研究咖啡是否对我们的健康有好处”结果真的被混合”,承认Neal弗里德曼领导这项咖啡研究和出版了他的发现发表在医学杂志最近。“有一些证据表明,
咖啡可能增加某些疾病的风险,还有被也许最近的证据表明,咖啡可能预防其它疾病”。 弗里德曼和他的同事们进行了最大的研究还没有看咖啡和健康之间的关系,他们分析了400000年收集的数据超过50岁至71岁的美国参与这项研究“我们发现咖啡饮用者有小幅降低死亡的风险比不喝酒的人,”他说。这就是他所谓的“适度”:那些喝至少两到三杯每天大约10%或15%的死亡率少任何理由在13年的研究中,研究者通过观察特定的死亡原因,喝咖啡似乎减少死于心脏病的危险肺病受伤,事故和感染
现在,弗里德曼强调,这项研究没有证明咖啡可以让人活得更长。这样的研究不能证明因果关系(77)所有它能真的是指研究者在正确的方向上进行进一步的调查,即使事实证明,咖啡是真的对你有好处,科学家们不知道为什么
1 According to the first paragraph, reporters would like to know the research findings of ___
A . tea B. beer C. alcohol D. coffee
2According to the passage, which of the following is TRUCE?
A Freedman and his colleagues hired 400,00 Americans to collect date。 B About four hundred thousand Americans worked for Freedman's team full time for 13 years。
C People Who took part in Freedman's research are about 50 to 70 years old 。 D People Who are 50 to 70 years old seldom drink coffee 3 According to the author, scientists__________。
A have already proved that coffee is good for human health B have a long way to go before they find a way to study coffee C have avoided the cause -and -effect approach to study coffee D are still unable to figure out why coffee is good for us 4 The word \。 A both good and bad B. put together C. both sharp and soft D. confused
5.Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage? A. Can Beer Help You Live Longer?
B. Can Coffee Help You Live Longer? C. Can Whine Help You Live Longer? D. Can Tea Help You Live Longer? Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
When we're learning a foreign language, making sense of what we hear is the first step toward fluency. It sounds obvious, but until recently, we didn't know much about how listening works. New research demonstrates that effective listening involves more than simply hearing the words that float past our ears. Rather, it's an active process of receiving information and making meaning. This kind of engaged listening is a skill that's as critical for learning a range of subjects at school and work as it is for learning to understand a foreign tongue。
(78)Studies of skilled language learners have identified specific listening strategies that lead to superior comprehension. Last year, for example, University of Ottawa researcher Larry Vandergrift published his study of 106 undergraduates who were learning French as a second language. Half of the students were taught in a conventional fashion, listening to and practicing texts spoken aloud. The other half, possessing the same initial (最初的) skill level and taught by the same teacher, were give detailed instruction on how to listen. It turned out that the second group “significantly outperformed”(胜过)the first one on a test of comprehension。 So what are these listening strategies? Skilled learners go into a listening class with a sense of what they want to get of it. (79) They set a goal for their listening, and they generate predictions about what the speaker will say. Before the talking begins they mentally review what they already know about the subject, and form an intention to “listen out for” what’s important or relevant. Once they begin listening, these learners maintain their focus; if their attention wanders, they bring it back to the words being spoken. They don’t allow themselves to be thrown off by confusing or unfamiliar details. Instead, they take note of what they don’t understand and make inferences about what those thing might mean, based on other clues available to them; their previous knowledge of the subject, the context(语境) of the talk, the identity of the speaker, and so on。
当我们学习一门语言,了解我们听说流利的第一步。这听起来很明显,但是直到最近,我们不懂得如何倾听的作品。新的研究表明,有效的倾听包括比仅仅听的话,浮过去我们的耳朵。相反,它是一个活跃的过程,获取信息和赋予意义。这种倾听是一种技能,学习的关键一个范围的主题在学校和工作,因为它是为了学习了解一个外国的舌头。
(78)研究的技术语言学习者已经确定了特定的听力策略,导致优越的理解。去年,例如,渥太华大学研究员拉里Vandergrift发表他的研究的106名大学生被作为第二语言学习法语。一半的学生被教在传统时尚,听和说大声练习文本。另外一半,拥有相同的初始(最初的)技能水平和教同样的老师,都给详细的指导去听。结果,第二组“明显优于”(胜过)上的第一个测试的理解。
所以这些是什么听力策略吗?熟练的学习者去听类与感知他们想要得到它。(79)他们设定一个目标对他们的听力,和他们产生什么的预期演讲者会说。在谈话开始他们精神回顾他们已经知道这个话题,并形成一个意图“监听”重要的或相关的。一旦他们开始倾听,这些学习者维护他们的重点;如果他们的注意力会分散,他们把它带回正说的话。他们不让自己被扔下通过混淆或不熟悉的细节。相反,他们注意到他们不懂的东西,这些东西做出推论可能意味着什么,基于其他线索可供他们;他们先前的学科知识,上下文(语境)谈话,身份的扬声器,等等。 6. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Effective listening means hearing the words that float past our ears。 B. Developing your listening skills is the first step toward developing fluency。 C. Skilled listeners use specific strategies to get the most out of what they hear。
D. Listening is one of the most powerful tools we have to gain information。 7. What does Vandergrift’s research show?
A. Learners who adopt specific listening strategies become better listeners。 B. Learners taught in the traditional way are better at reinforcing what they learn。
C. Learners are more confident if they make fewer mistakes。 D. Learners who listen on a regular basis improve faster。
8. Which of the following statements about Vandergrift’s research is TRUE? A. The participants were postgraduates learning French as a second language。 B. All the participants were taught using the conventional method, with the focus on listening strategies。
C. The two groups were taught by different teacher。 D. The participants were at the same initial skill level。
9. The expression “thrown off” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to “_____”。
A. infected B. confused C. ruined D. informed
10. According to the passage, which of the following strategies is NOT used by skilled learners?
A. Review their prior knowledge of the subject。 B. Concentrate on the speaker’s words。 C. Translate into their native language。 D. Predict what the speaker will way。 Passage 3
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
(80) As the Titanic was sinking and women and children climbed into lifeboats, the musicians from the ship’s band stood and played. They died when the ship went down. Men stood on the deck and smoked cigarettes. They died, too. This behavior is puzzling to economists, who like to believe that people tend to act in their own self interest. “There was no pushing,” says David Savage, an economist at Queensland University in Australia who has studied witness reports from the survivors. It was “very, very orderly behavior。”
Savage has compared the behavior of the passengers on the Titanic with those on the Lusitania, another ship that also sank at about the same time. But when the Lusitania went down, the passengers panicked(恐慌). There were a lot of similarities between these two events. These two ships were both luxury ones, they had a similar number of passengers and a similar number of survivors。
The biggest difference, Savage concludes, was time. The Lusitania sank in less than 20 minutes. But for the Titanic, it was two-and-a-half hours. “If you’ve got an event that lasts two-and-a-half hours, social order will take over and everybody will behave in a social manner,” Savage says. “If you’re going down in under 17 minutes, basically it’s instinctual。” On the Titanic, social order ruled, and it was women and children first. On the Lusitania, instinct won out. The survivors were largely the people who could swim and get into the lifeboats。
Yes, we’re self-interested, Savage ways. But we’re also part of a society. Given time, social norms(规范) can beat our natural self-interest. A hundred years
3日北京地区成人本科学位英语统一考试真题及其答案
