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译林牛津英语初一下册知识点归纳:
Chapter One Travel
一.课文重点词语与短语
plan 计划 plan to do sth. 计划去做某事
offer 提供 offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. provide 提供 provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth shop 购物 shop for sth = buy sth
Why not do sth? =Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做… used to do sth 过去常常做某事
be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 the same as… 和…一样
be famous for sth = be well-know for sth 以…闻名 be famous as 作为…而著名
help sb (to )do sth 帮助某人做某事 help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
one of + 可数名词复数 …之一,其中之一
二.语法:冠词a,an,与the 的用法
★不定冠词a/an的用法主要有: 1.泛指 表示“某一个”,用于可数名词单数前。如: We need a rent to live in. 2.与可数名词单数连用,表示类别。如:
1) I'm a student.(是学生而不是其他人。) 2) An elephant is much bigger than a tiger.
3.在某些词组中,代替介词per,作“每一”讲。如: twice a day, 5 dollars a kilo I play computer games once a week.
注意: a /an 的区别
a 用在辅音开头的单词前:a cat, a useful book
an 用在元音发音的单词前:an English book, an interesting story,
an honest boy, an important party, an ugly man…
★定冠词the的用法主要有: 1. 表示特指某人或某物。如:
The notebook on the desk is mine. Beijing is the capital of China. 2. 表示上文提过的人或事物。如:
There is a cat under the chair. The cat is black and white. 3. 表示世界上独一无二的东西。如: the earth, the sun… 4. 用于说话双方都知道的名词前。如:
Let's go for a picnic, shall we? 5. 用在作定语的序数词前。如:
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She is always the first person to come and the last one to leave. 6. 用在形容词前表示一类人。如:
the rich, the old, the sick, the deaf… 7. 用在乐器名称前。如:
play the violin(guitar, piano…)
8. 用在表示“姓”的复数名词前,表示一家人或夫妇二人。如: The Whites are on their holiday in Canada. 9. 用在由普通名词构成表示场所的专有名词前。如: the People's Park, the Golden Gate Bridge
10.在最高级、序数词及next,last,same等词前常用定冠词。如: The last one is the most important one.
★不用冠词的情况(零冠词的用法)主要有:
1. 在物质名词或抽象名词前。如:
Water and air are important to us. Wisdom is better than strength.
2. 名词前面已有作定语用的this, that, these, those, my, your, some, any等代词的情况下。如:
I want this car, not that car. There is some water in the cup.
3. 在季节、月份、日期、星期、节日前。如:
There are four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. School begins on September 1. March 8th is Women's Day.
特例:1)中国的传统节日要加the。如:the Spring Festival
4. 在一日三餐、球类运动和学科名词前。如: I have breakfast at six in the morning. They play football every day. He prefers science to physics.
特例:当表示三餐的名词前有定语修饰时,要加不定冠词。如: They had a good dinner yesterday.
5. 在学科前不加冠词。如:
I am good at maths and history.
6.在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街道、广场、公园、桥梁等名词前;国名和地名人名前通常也不加冠词。如:Zhongshan Road, Tian'anmen Square;China,Shenzhen,Tom
7.表示使用某种交通手段时,名词前不用 冠词。如: I usually go to my office by bus.
Chapter 2 Protecting our environment
一.课文重点词语与短语
be interested in sth 对……感兴趣 of course 当然
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begin to do sth 开始做某事 each other 相互 pass sth to sb =pass sb sth 传递某物给某人 communicate with sb 和某人交流 taste 尝起来… 后跟形容词作表语
be in danger 处境危险 collect stamps 搜集邮票 enjoy doing… 喜欢做… enjoy oneself 玩得开心 thank sb for sth /doing sth 感谢某人做某事 make sb/sth + 动词原形 使……做…… in order of 以……的顺序
类似inrerested 与interesting的形容词:excited/ exciting, tired/ tiring, surprised/ suprising, bored/ boring…
通常以-ed结尾的形容词含被动意义,表示人感到……; 以-ing 结尾的形容词汗主动意义,表示使人,令人…….
二. 语法:现在进行时态 结构
be(am/is/are)+动词ing(现在分语)构成谓语 be是助动词,帮助构成时态、语态及语气、否定句和疑问句
动词ing现在分词的变化规则:
1)动词+ing: do-doing teach-teaching ; 2)以一个元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词,双写辅音字母再+ing: put-putting ; 3) 以字母e 结尾的,去掉e再+ing: make-making take-taking 。 4)单词以辅音字母加-ie结尾,去-ie变y, 再加-ing. 如die(死亡)----dying; tie—tying
注意:表状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时,如: believe(相信),doubt(怀疑),hear,know,understand,belong(属于),think(认为),look(看起来),show,mind,have,sound(听起来),taste(尝起来),care,like,hate,love,
例如:Danny: The doorbell is ringing.
May: I know. I hear it.
某些趋向动词的现在进行时可表示将来……: I’m coming. 我这就来。
I’m going/leaving. 我这就走。
Chpater 3
一.课文重点词语与短语
look up 查阅 human beings 人类 an amusement park 游乐园
buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 给某人买某物 all year round 全年
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