水位监控系统的设计说明书
摘 要
作为水资源大国，合理利用水资源成为现在面临的一个严峻问题。因此，应用新技术，实时监控水库水位，有利于更好地对水资源进行调度和管理。经过近几十年的发展，水位监控系统由原来的人工目视手动监控发展到如今的基于单片机自动控制，这对于水位监控不仅是从技术上解决人工监控的误差，更有利于对水资源的合理利用和节约用水。
单片机技术越来越成熟，现如今单片机更是向着高度集成、低功耗、低价格、处理速度高等方向发展，因而越来越多的水位监控系统采用单片机来控制，这种系统具有成本低、可靠性高、易于操作、维护简单方便等特点，一般大量应用于大型的水库以及工业生产。
水位监系统的设计理念是适合大众使用，体积相对小，功能齐全，操作简单，交互界面人性化，能实现不间断的水位监控，以及对所测水位信息进行实时显示、远距离传送和高低水位上下限的报警，同时对相应的水泵电机进行相应的控制，真正实现节约水资源。
水位监控系统的设计方案,主要采用STC89C52单片机作为系统的核心控制部件，采用TLC1549采集水位信息并进行模数转换处理，利用LCD12232液晶显示水位信息，通过VB编写上位机监控程序，从而实现上位机与水位监控系统进行信息交换。
水位监控系统的硬件系统包含电源、振荡、复位、下载、键盘、显示、时钟、串行通信、模数转换、模拟水位、报警、电机等模块,利用电子绘图软件进行原理图、PCB图的绘制，并完成了硬件系统实物的制作。软件系统包含监控等各个模块的模块化程序。
通过硬、软件系统的联调、测试，该水位监控系统的功能和性能指标完全符合设计任务书的要求。据初步测算，系统成本远远低于市场所售其它同类产品，而且该系统具有应用范围广、操作简单、可靠性高等优点，具有一定的推广价值。
关键词 ：水位监控；单片机；串行通信；VB
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ABSTRACT
Our country is a rich country of water resources, rational use of water resources has become a serious problem our country has to face. Therefore, applying new technologies to monitor reservoir’s levels in real-time is conducive to better scheduling and the management of water resources. After decades of developments, the water’s level monitoring system has developed from the original artificial manual monitoring in eyes to the today' s automatic control based on microcontroller, which is not only solve the errors of manual monitoring in technical for water level monitoring, but also more conducive to the rational use of water and the conservation of water.
SCM technology becomes more mature. And now it is developing to the direction of high integrated single-chip, low-power, low-cost, high processing speed. Thus more and more water level’s monitoring systems are using the microcontroller to control. This system is low cost, high reliability, easy operation, easy maintenance, etc..So it is generally used in large reservoirs and industrial production.
The design of water level’s monitoring system is suitable for public use. The volume is relatively small, and it’s full-featured, easy to operate, user-friendly inter face. It can achieve continuous water level’s monitoring, as well as real-time display of the measured water level information, long-distance transmission and the alarm of the lower and the higher level, while control the corresponding pump motor, in order to save water resources in real.
The design of the water level monitoring system mainly use STC89C52 microcontroller as the core of the system control unit, and use TLC1549 to gather level’s information and analog to digital conversion process, use LCD12232 LCD display water level information. According to VB for compiling monitoring program, it can achieve the information exchange between PC and water level’s monitoring system.
The hardware system of the water level’s monitoring system includes a power supply, oscillation, reset, download, keyboard, display, clock, serial communication, analog to digital conversion, analog’s level, alarms, motors and
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other modules. Using the electronic drawing software can draw the schematics, PCB map, and complete the
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physical hardware production. Modular software system contains various modules monitoring.
Through the alignment and testing of hardware and software systems, the function and performance of the water level’s monitoring system is fully consistent with the requirements of the design specification. According to preliminary estimates, the system’s costs is far less than to other similar products in the market for sale. And the system has wide range of applications, simple operation, high reliability. It has some promotional value.
Key words water level monitoring；mcu；serial communication；vb
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水位监控系统的设计说明书
