石油工业概论（Introduction to petroleum industry） 1: high pour point oil: crude oil with a high wax content at a temperature of 41 degrees celsius.
2: Oil: a liquid combustible organic mineral composed of various hydrocarbons and their derivatives, existing in the pore medium of underground rock.
3: Petroleum Industry: is engaged in oil exploration, oil development and oil processing of energy and basic raw materials production sector. Features: high risk, high investment and high technology intensive.
In September 26th 4:1959 3 wells in Songliao Basin songhees obtained industrial oil flow.
5: Rock: a natural mixture of minerals or a natural mixture of rock debris or ore debris.
6: rock according to Genesis: magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks.
7: magma: in the deep crust or upper mantle natural formation of high temperature, high pressure and viscous silicate melt rich in volatile components, it is the formation of a variety of magmatic rocks and magmatic ore bodies of the parent.
8: sedimentary rock: in the surface or near the surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, a variety of external dynamic action and some volcanic action of loose deposits formed by diagenesis.
9: fossil: rocks and sediments preserved in geological history.
10: vitrinite reflectance: the percentage of vertical intensity of incident light reflected by vitrinite (Lv Guangzhong).
11: kerogen: dispersed sedimentary organic matter in source rock and sedimentary rock, insoluble in alkali, non oxidizing acid and non-polar organic solvent.
12: Trap: refers to the reservoir can prevent oil and gas migration and accumulation of oil and gas sites. It consists of reservoir, cover and shelter.
13: the power of oil and gas migration: 1): 1. The primary migration of compaction compaction and increase the effect of dialysis fluid thermal hydrocarbon generation effect of the clay mineral dehydration and organic matter; 2) the two movement: the hydrodynamic buoyancy of the tectonic movement.
14: geothermal gradient: increasing temperature at an increase of 100 m per depth.
15:: at the Moho below the surface of a few kilometers to 40km +, the longitudinal wave reaches the interface, the average speed by 6 ~ 7km/s, jumped to 8.1km/s.
16:: 2900km is located at a depth of underground gutenberg. The shear wave disappears at this interface and the longitudinal wave passes through it.
17: tectonic movement: mechanical movement caused by the internal forces of the earth to cause deformation and displacement of the earth's crust and even the lithosphere.
18:: geological structure composition of the crust rock or rock mass stress and deformation, deformation of left traces.
19: fold: a series of bends resulting from the action of tectonic movements.
20: anticline: the formation of rock arching upward, forming a central part of the older strata, rock layers on both sides turn new
21: syncline: the downward bending of the rock layer, the central part of the new rock formation, the rocks on both sides of the rock in turn aging.
22: fracture structure: rock under the action of external force rupture.
23: joint: there is no obvious displacement fracture after rock rupture, and it is the most widespread and common fracture structure.
24: fault: significant relative displacement of rocks occurs on both sides of rock after fracture.
25: normal fault: the relative depression of the upper plate and the relative rise of the footwall.
26: reverse fault: the upper plate rises relatively and the footwall decreases relatively.
27: translational faults: rocks on both sides of faults,
A fault that moves relative to the horizontal plane of the fault.
28: Horst: is composed of two or more to the consistent tendency is opposite relative fault, rise in the central part of both sides of the relative decline of the structure.
29: graben: it is composed of two or more normal strike faults, the central part of which is relatively declining, and the relative rising structures on both sides.
30: Mineral: it is a natural element or compound formed by geological action. It has certain chemical and physical properties.
31: stratum: a layer or group of rocks in a certain layer of the earth's crust.
32: sedimentary rocks are deposited successively and sequentially, so the normal strata are old and new.
33: oil threshold: organic matter began to produce large amounts of oil depth.
34: source rocks: rocks that are capable of generating oil and
gas and capable of discharging oil and gas.
35: a brief account of the formation of sedimentary rocks. Weathering: the mechanical disintegration and chemical decomposition of rock after external force destroy the basic residue of the product, and the hard rock becomes loose debris and soil. Denudation: the rock is destroyed by the external force and the product is removed at the same time.
Transportation function: to transport weathered and denuded substance to it. Deposition: the sediment is deposited where conditions are appropriate. Consolidation diagenesis: the transition from loose sediments into solid sedimentary rocks.
36: a brief description of the relationship between the three rocks. Answer: igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks are weathered, eroded, transported and accumulated to form sedimentary rocks. Magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks are metamorphosed into metamorphic rocks,
Magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks are formed by remelting into magma, and magma is condensed to form magmatic rocks.
37: briefly describes the geological and physical and chemical conditions for oil and gas formation. Answer: a geological environment: the tectonic conditions of sedimentary basins: a long and steady decline; the lithofacies paleogeographic conditions: proper depth and larger area, rich in organic matter in water and energy reduction environment; the ancient climate conditions: reproduction and development of warm and moist climate conducive to biological science; two condition:
石油工业概论(Introduction to petroleum industry)
