第三章 烯烃
二、写出下列各基团或化合物的结构式:
① 乙烯基 CH2=CH- ② 丙烯基 CH3CH=CH- ③ 烯丙基 CH2=CHCH2-
④异丙烯基 ⑤4-甲基-顺-2-戊烯 ⑥ (E)-3,4-二甲基-3-庚烯 ⑦(Z)-3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯 CH3C=CH2HC=CCH3CH3CHCH3HCH3CH2CCH3CH3CH2C=CCH3CCH2CH3CH(CH3)2CH2CH2CH3
CH3三、命名下列化合物,如有顺反异构现象,写出顺反(或)Z-E名称:
1.CH3CH2CH2CH3CH2C=CH22.CH3CH2 CH2C=CCH3CH3CH2CH3CH3CH2CH33.ClCH3CHCH3C=C4.ClC=CBrFI2-乙基-1-戊烯 (E)-3,4-二甲基-3-庚烯 (E)-2,4-二甲基-3-氯-3-己烯 (Z)-1-氟-2-氯-2-溴-1-碘乙烯
5.6.CH3HC2H5HCH3C=CHCH3CH2CH3EtC=CMe7.nPriPr8.MeC=CEtMe反-5-甲基-2-庚烯 (E)-3,4-二甲基-5-乙基-3-庚烯 (E)-3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯 (E)-3,4-二甲基-3-辛烯 nBt
五、2,4-庚二烯有否顺反异构现象,如有,写出它们的所有顺反异构体,并以顺反和Z,E两种命名法命名之。
解:
HCH3C=CHHC=CCH2CH3H顺,顺-2-4-庚二烯 (Z,Z)-2-4-庚二烯 顺,反-2-4-庚二烯 (Z,E)-2-4-庚二烯 反,顺-2-4-庚二烯 (E,Z)-2-4-庚二烯 反,反-2-4-庚二烯 (E,E)-2-4-庚二烯 HCH3C=CHHC=CCHCH3HCH3HHC=CC=CHHC=CHC=CHCH2CH3
CH2CH3HCH3H
六、3-甲基-2-戊烯分别在下列条件下发生反应,写出各反应式的主要产物:
H2/PdC-CH3CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3CH3CHCCH2CH3BrOHHOBr(H2O+Br2)CH3CH3CH=CCH2CH3Cl2低温 CH3CH3CHCCH2CH3ClCl冷稀KMnO4 CH3CH3CHOHCCH2CH3OHCH3CHCH2CH3B2H6/NaOH-H2O2CH3CHOHO3 , Zn-CH3COOH CH3CHOHBr/过氧化物 +CH3CCH2CH3OCH3CH3CHCHCH2CH3Br
七、乙烯、丙烯、异丁烯在酸催化下与水加成生成的活性中间体分别为: 稳定性顺序 及反应速度顺序是
CH3CH2++中间体分别是: 中间体稳定性和反应速度顺序为: CH3CHCH3CH3CHCH3<+CH3CH3CCH3+CH3CH2+ 八、试以反应历程解释下列反应结果: H+(CH3)3CCH=CH2解:反应历程: +H2O(CH3)3CCHCH3OHCH3++(CH3)2CCH(CH3)2OH(CH3)3CCH=CH2++H+CH3CCH3H+CHCH3+H2OCH3OH2CH3CCH3CHCH3CH3CH3CCH3CHCH3OHCH3CH3CH3C+CH3CH3CCH3+CH3CH3CH3C+H2OCHCH3CHCH3CHCH3OH2CH3CH3CH3COHCHCH3 九、试给出经臭氧化,锌纷水解后生成下列产物的烯烃的结构: 1.CH3CH2CHOCCH3OHCHOCH3CHOCHOCHO2.CH3CH23.CHCHO,3CH3CCH3O,CH2烯烃为: 烯烃为: 烯烃为: CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH3CH2C=CHCH3CH3-CH3CH=CH-CH2CH=CCH3 十、试以反应式表示以丙烯为原料,并选用必要的无机试剂制备下列化合物: ① 2-溴丙烷 ② 1-溴丙烷 ③ 异丙醇 ④ 正丙醇 ⑤ 1,2,3-三氯丙烷 ⑥ 聚丙烯腈 ⑦ 环氧氯丙烷 CH3CH=CH2 + HBr ROORH+ CH3CHCH3 Br CH3CH=CH2 + HBrCH3CH2CH2Br CH3CH=CH2 + H2OCH3CHCH3 OH NaOH,H2O2CH3CH2CH2OH 0 CH3CH=CH2CH3CH=CH2CH3CH=CH2 + B2H6Cl2NH3 500C + ClCH2CH=CH2 0 Cl2CH2CHCH2ClClCl[CH2-CH]nCN+ 470 C CH2=CHCN CH3CH=CH2 + Cl2 Ca(OH)2ClCH2CH=CH2 ClCH2CH O HOCl ClCH2CHCH2Cl OH CH2