《数字地形测量实习》
实习报告
专业:地理信息专业 班级:191班 组别:7组 姓名:付涛
学号:201910108110 指导教师:龚欣繁 实习成绩:
平时成绩 控制测量成果 测图成果 实习技能考核 (满分10分) (满分25分) (满分20分) (满分20分)
实习报告成绩 总成绩 (满分25分) 目录
1 概述 ···························································· 1.1实习名称························································ 1.2实习时间························································ 1.3实地地点························································ 1.4指导教师························································ 1.5实习目的及要求·················································· 1.6仪器及工具······················································ 2测区概况··························································· 3平面控制测量 ······················································ 3.1导线控制网的布设················································ 3.2导线施测方法···················································· 3.3数据处理、平差计算·············································· 4 高程控制测量····················································· 4.1水准网的布设···················································· 4.2高程施测方法···················································· 4.3数据处理、平差计算·············································· 5 碎部点测量······················································· 5.1 碎测量的步骤···················································· 5.2 测量时应该注意的问题············································ 6 成图方法························································· 6.1测量数据传输···················································· 6.2 南方CASS软件绘制地形图······································· 8 实习体会························································ 附图、附表·························································
概述
1.1实习名称:数字地形测量实习 1.2实习时间:2020.7.13-2020.8.7
1.3实地地点:昆明理工大学呈贡校区 1.4指导教师:龚欣繁 1.5实习目的及要求
《数字地形测量学》作为测绘工程专业的一门最基本、最重要的学科,是一门实践性很强的技术学科,该课程也是测绘工程专业主干课。《数字地形测量实习》是《数字地形测量学》的实习环节,通过本实习,学生应得到以下方面的实际训练:
(1) 相关测量仪器的操作方法(包括检验与校正); (2) 三等水准路线的布设、观测、平差; (3) 大比例尺地形图的全野外数字测量方法。 1.6仪器及工具:
(1) 水准仪每组一套,包括:水准尺一对、水准仪一台、水准仪脚架一个; (2) 全站仪一套,包括:主机、脚架一个、棱镜两个、对中杆两个、充电器; (3) 导线测量、水准测量、碎部测量手薄、计算表自备
2 测区概况
测区内地势较为平坦,道路通畅,交通便利,视野开阔这都有利于我们测量的进行。实习中,我们使用全站仪和水准仪进行测量作业,同时我们会避开正午的高温天气,利用早出、午休、晚归的作业方法,摆脱酷热天气的影响,使我们的测量实习可以顺利的进行。但由于测量水平不是很好,经常出错,导致我们有时不得不在高温下测量,但我们自己也避免太阳直射。
3 平面控制测量
3.1导线控制网的布设:(导线控制网示意图如下)
导线控制网的布设示意图
3.2导线施测方法
使用全站仪利用测回法擦亮导线网水平角,利用全站仪光电测距测量两控制点间水平距离,每一测站上测量2个测回,测量步骤如下: A)在控制点上架设仪器,并对中整平。
B)由两名测量人员两棱镜对中杆竖直立于待测目标1和2位置。
C)第一测回,盘左位置瞄准目标1并配置度盘为0°00′00″,利用全站仪测距功能测量目标1到本测站的水平距离,由记录员按规定记入全站仪平面控制测量表格。
D)顺时针旋转照准部望远镜瞄准目标2,可测得水平角度和测站至目标2的水平距离,由记录员按规定记入全站仪平面控制测量表格。
E)倒转望远镜成盘右位置,瞄准目标2,测得此时水平角度和水平距离,由记录员按规定记入全站仪平面控制测量表格。
F)逆时针旋转望远镜瞄准目标1,测得此时的水平角度及水平距离,由记录员按规定记入全站仪平面控制测量表格。第一测回结束,记录员根据测得数据计算观测数据是否超限。
G)第二测回,倒转望远镜成盘左位置准目标1并配置度盘为90°00′00″,重复步骤C~步骤E至第二测回测量结束。记录员检查数据无误则可进入下一角度测量。
3.3数据处理、平差计算。
控制测量完成以后,要进行数据处理。根据两个已知点的坐标依次计算出各个控制点的坐标值。计算采用的是坐标正算的方法,及先根据两已知点的坐标,求出两点间的坐标方位角,再根据观测角和距离,算出待定点的坐标方位角和坐标。后面的控制点也都是用相同的方法计算得到。 坐标增量的计算:
A→B的坐标增量: Δx1,2=x2-x1=Dcosα Δy1,2=y2-y1=Dsinα B→A的坐标增量: Δx2,1=x1-x2=Dcosβ Δy2,1=y1-y2=Dsinβ
两点间(水平)距离:
D???x????y?21,21,22
D???x????y?22,12,12
坐标正算:
若已知一点和以这一点为顶点的方向角,求另一点的坐标,则
x1=x2+Dcosβ,y1=y2+Dsinβ x2=x1+Dcosα,y2=y1+Dsinα
坐标反算:
若已知两点间的坐标增量计算坐标方位角
?y1,2???x1,2??y1,2????arcsin?D??x???arccos1,2?D??
??arctan坐标方位角的推算:
已知A→B的坐标方位角αAB,用仪器观测的AB与BC的水平左角为β左,则BC的方位角
αBC=αAB+β左-180°
若观测的是AB与BC的水平右角β右,则β左=360°-β右,将其代入上式得
αBC=αAB-β右+180°
高差闭合差计算:
高差闭合差的允许值(L以公里为单位):
f vo??hL高差闭合差的分配按水准路线测段长度为比例分配: