中考英语阅读理解及其解题技巧
阅读理解及其解题方法
阅读理解能力的培养是中学英语学习的一项重要任务
,也是中考的一项重要内
容。中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意,获取其中的主要信息,能做出正确判断,然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或回答出所提问题等等。要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。
阅读理解的阅读材料的选取一般遵循三个原则
:
1. 阅读文章不少于三篇,阅读量在1,000单词左右; 2. 题材广泛,包括科普,社会,文化,政治,经济等; 3. 体裁多样,包阔记叙文,说明文,应用文等; 一、中考阅读理解考查的主要内容
1. 考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落其主要提问方式是:
(1 Which is the best title of the passage? (2 Which of the following is this passage about?
(3 In this passage the writer tries to tell us
(或短文的主题,主题思想,标题或目的,
that______.
(4 The passage tells us that______. (5 This passage mainly talks about_______.
2. 考查把握文章的事实和细节的能力。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的是:
(1 Which of the following is right?
(2 Which of the following is not mentioned? (3 Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
(4 Choose the right order of this passage. (5 From this passage we know ________. 3. 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。
此类猜测词义的题目要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。其主要提问方式是:
(1 The wo rd
“ ” in the passage probably means ________.
“It” in the passage refers to _______.
“ ” means ________.
,其主要提问方式
(2 The underlined word
(3 In this story the underlined word
(4 Here “itans________. ” me
4. 考查对阅读材料全篇的逻辑关系的理解理解能力。
此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间(1 Many visitors come to the writer
,短语短之间的逻辑关系,其主要提问方式是:
’s city to ________.
,对文章各段,各句之间的逻辑关系的
(2 Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____.
5. 考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。此类题目文章中没有明确
的答案,需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是(1 We can guess the writer of the letter may be a ______. (2 We can infer from the text that _______. (3 From the story we can guess ______.
6. 考查推断作者意图和态度的能力。其主要提问方式是(1 The writer writes this text to ______. (2 The writer believes that ______. (3 The writer suggests that ______. 二、阅读理解题的方法和技巧1.如何获取段落的主旨和大意? 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章
(或一段文章通常都是围绕一个中心意
:
:
思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意
思的句子叫做主题句。因此,理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇短文或一个段落中
(1主题句在段首或篇首。
主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文用先总述,后分述的叙事方法。
例如:
All living things on the earth need other living things to live. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing kills another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain(食物链。
Some food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears 59. Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage? A. Animals B. Plants C. Food Chains D. Living Things (2主题句在段末或篇末。
用归纳法写文章时,往往表述细节的句子在前,概述性的句子在后,并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结
例如
,归纳或结论。
,议论文大都采
,大部分主题句的情况有三种:
If you buy some well-made clothes, you can save money because they can last longer.
They look good even after they have been washed many times. Sometimes some clothes
cost more money, but it does not mean that they are always better made, or they always
fit better. In other words, some less expensive clothes looks better than more expensive clothes.
(3无主题句
有时,一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢?其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思,各段的中心意
思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的
,或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个
问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。
例如
Killer bees started in Brazil 1957. A scientist in Sao Paulo wanted bees to make more honey(蜂蜜. So he put forty-six African bees with some Brazilian bees. The bees bred(繁殖and made a new kind of bees. But the new bees were a mistake. They didnwant to make more honey. They wanted to attack. Then, by accident, twenty-six African bees escaped and bred with the Brazilian bees outside.
Scientists could not control(控制 the problem. The bees increased fast. They went from Brazil to Venezuela. Then they went to Central America. Now they are in North America. They travel about 390 miles a year. Each group of bees grows four times a year. This means one million new groups every five years.
t
’
中考英语阅读理解及其解题技巧(精)
