[典例] 1. (2016·浙江卷)A sudden stop can be a very ________(frighten) experience，especially if you are travelling at high speed.
解析 此处修饰名词experience，根据句意此处指“令人可怕的经历”，所以experience名词前面用动词的－ing形式作定语。
答案 frightening
2．(2017·北京卷)Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time ________(spend) with his students.
解析 time和spend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。 答案 spent
(三)非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和不定式：
1．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和短语：suggest，imagine，mind，admit，practice，allow，advise，risk，keep，keep on，avoid，escape，enjoy，consider，excuse，finish，miss，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to等。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。
2．只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语：wish，hope，decide，refuse，promise，pretend，manage，mean，plan，fail，choose，would like等。
Nervous and anxious，Jill failed to make a good impression at the job interview. 又紧张又焦虑，吉尔没有在面试中给人留下好印象。
3．既可用动名词又可跟不定式的动词和短语：remember，forget，regret，stop，go on，need，start，begin，try等。
??forget to do sth忘记要去做某事?此事未做?(1)? ?forget doing sth忘记做过某事?此事已做过或已发生????stop to do sth.停止、中断?某件事?，目的是去做另一件事(2)? ?stop doing sth.停止正在做的事???remember to do sth.记住去做某事?未做?(3)? ?remember doing sth.记得做过某事?已做??
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾??
(4)??常跟say，tell，inform等???regret doing sth.对做过的事后悔
??try to do sth.努力做某事(5)? ?try doing sth.尝试做某事?
①Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed. 记得睡觉之前把灯关了。
②I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。
4．it作形式宾语，代替真正作宾语的动词不定式或动名词。
I think it important to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection. 我认为提高人们的环保意识很重要。
[典例] 1. (2018·天津卷)I didn’t mean ________(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help ________(try) it.
解析 句意为：我没打算吃东西，但这冰淇淋看上去如此美味以至于我忍不住尝了一下。mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing sth.意味着做某事；can’t help doing sth.禁不住/忍不住做某事；can’t help (to) do sth.不能帮助做某事。
答案 to eat；trying
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants ________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
解析 want to do sth.“想要做某事”，是固定用法。 答案to prove
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
解析 分析句子结构可知，will include在句中作谓语，include为及物动词，其后加名词或动名词作宾语，再结合提示词introduce和空后的名词visitors可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。
答案 introducing (四)非谓语动词作补足语
1．“五看二听一感觉”的感官动词和短语(see，watch，observe，notice，look at，hear，listen to，feel等)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原)，doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。
①I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇正蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。 ②Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help? 听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命了吗？
③I was sleeping when I heard my name shouted. 听到有人喊我的名字时，我正在睡觉。
2．热点动词let，make，have，get，leave，keep，find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。 Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
詹尼希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。 3．固定短语，如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth.等。 The patient was warned not to eat oily food. 病人被警告不要吃油腻的食物。 4．with复合结构常用形式： sb./sth.doing?表主动、进行???
with?sth.done?表被动、完成?
??sth.to do?表将来?
With so many people looking at him，he felt very nervous. 那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。
With a lot of work to do，she wasn’t allowed to leave her office.由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
[典例] 1.(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________(take)．
解析 句意为：我需要一个新护照，因此我得去让人给我照相。本题考查have sth.done结构，意为“让别人做某事，让……被做”。my photograph与take之间是被动关系，故需用take的过去分词形式。
答案 taken
2．(2018·四川成都诊断)To his surprise，Jack found his son ________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.
解析 句意：使杰克惊讶的是，他发现儿子在圣诞节前夜被装扮成了圣诞老人。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，用过去分词作宾语补足语。dress意为“给(某人)穿衣”，常用于dress sb.或sb.be/get dressed结构。
答案 dressed
(五)非谓语动词作主语、表语或其他
1．非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和不定式
(1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作，不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
As we all know，going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.众所周知，早睡早起是一个好习惯。
To complete the program needs much effort. 完成这项计划需要很大的努力。
(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：It is/was no use/good＋doing sth.；It is/was not any use/good＋doing sth.；It is/was of little use/good＋doing sth.；It is/was useless doing sth.; It’s a waste of time doing sth.等。
As is known to us，it’s no use complaining without taking action.众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。
It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly. 定期更新数据是很重要的。 2．非谓语动词作表语
(1)非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。注意现在分词作表语意为“令人感到……的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到……的”。
The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上。
(2)get，become，look，seem，appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。
3．非谓语动词作其他成分
固定句式do/have/其他动词＋sth.＋but (to) do sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循前有实义动词do，but后则无to，反之则有to的原则。
She has no choice but to cry in face of the difficulty. 面对困难她除了哭之外别无选择。
[典例] 1.(2017·浙江卷)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden，where it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长) through it.
解析 此处the ring与sweep之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，构成get done结构。
答案 swept
2．(2018·贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures，it is important ________(understand) what you can and cannot do.
解析 考查动词不定式。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。
答案 to understand
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You don’t have to run fast or for long ________(see) the benefit. to see [考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就会见到效果”，不定式短语to see the benefit作目的状语。]
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of________ (die) early by running.
dying [考查非谓语动词之动名词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。]
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice________ (improve) water quality.
to improve [考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是种植水稻来改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。]
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China’s approach to protecting its environment while________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
feeding [考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连词＋现在分词”形式作状语。]
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid ________(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
looking [考查非谓语动词之动名词。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。avoid后面可以接动名词作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语。]
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Once his message was delivered，he allowed me ________(stay) and watch.
2020年高考英语大一轮语法突破讲义：第七节非谓语动词
