Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured 、【答案】B concluded
【解析】题干中,一系列的研究已经_____,事实上,正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义,后面的部分实际上是研究的结论,因此
concluded 符合题意,其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反,doubled(翻倍)与题意较远,ensured(确保)不符合题意,因为研究不能确保后面的事的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为
B。
实,只能得出后面
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome 、【答案】A protective
【解析】题干中,对于某些健康情况,超重事实上是有
_____。根据前文研
究的结论,超重能减少罹患疾病的风险,说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous 和文章意思相反,sufficient表示充足,troublesome表示有麻烦,不符合题意,所以正确答案为
A。
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore 、【答案】C likewise
【解析】第三句话中,较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。在老年人中,一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词
_____,
语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系,B选项however也表示逆接,D选项therefore表示因此,只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也,而且。因此正确答案为
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example 、【答案】A indicator
【解析】本句话中,_____,一定程度上超重,经常是健康的_____。A选项,表示指示器,指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源,D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容,已经明确指出超重代表了健康,因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为
A。
C。
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern、【答案】D concern
【解析】本句话的句意是,需要更加
_____是,很难对肥胖加以定义。A、
impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文
已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康,但是又面临一个问题,到底如何去定义肥胖,因此需要更加关
注的是对肥的定义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确答案为D。
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of 、【答案】A in terms of
【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数,或称为BMI来定义。A、in terms of ,根据……,就……而言。B、In case of 表示在某种情况下,
C、in favor of
表示赞成,以……来取代,D、in respect of,关于……。因此正确答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用
BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标,希望考
生能够记住这一背景知识,方便日后做题。
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies 、【答案】C equals
【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方,这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法,也就是一个数学公式,所以equal符合题意。A measure(测量)、B determine表示确定;D modify(修订)。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part 、【答案】C in turn
【解析】本题题干中,肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级,所以正确答案为
C。
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward、【答案】D straightforward
【解析】题干中,相比之下,这样的数字标准看起来_____,实际上不是的。A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指类,而且算法比较简单,所以
的就是肥胖指数,肥胖指数分为三
A复杂不正确,B选项保守,用于描述一种数学
公式,不恰当,一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的,因此可变的也不
符合题意,D选项straightforward表示直截了当,符合题意,因此正确答案为D。??????10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless【答案】B while
【解析】本句中,一些人有很高的
BMI,实际上身材正好,_____其他人有
的BMI指数很
较低的BMI指数,可能_____。从前半句我们可以看出,有些人
高,应该属于体重肥胖的人,事实上身材正好,这里说明的是反常的现象,后半句是其他人的BMI指数较低,而_____较差。A、so(所以);B、while(而);C、since(因为);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折的含义,其他选项均不符合题意,所以正确
答案为B。
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste 、【答案】A shape
【解析】本题可以简化为:Some … are fit, while others
… may be in poor .不
难看出,前后意义相反,且fit(体型健康)与in poor 对应,与之最相关是A shape(外形),故为正确答案。\精神\、\均衡\、\品味\都相差比较远,可以排除。
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay 12、【答案】B qualify
【解析】本题顺应前文意义:有一些人体型很好,有些人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员
是肥胖的,\开始\不符;\处在\也不符合句意;\
退休\内容无关;\被认为\符合句意,正确。
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant 、【答案】C normal
【解析】本句不难理解:有些人脂肪过高,但是
BMI却。所需词汇明显是
正向的,排除A、B;D属中性,且不符合句意,C(正常的)契合,为正确答案。
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency、【答案】D tendency
【解析】本题解题关键是后半句:to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖),作为划线部分的后置定语,将四个选项\选择\理由\机会\倾向\代入划线处,最符合句意的是D(倾向)。后面一句也进马赛马的)。
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored 、【答案】b pictured
【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体,根据语境,上句讲到当今我们都污蔑肥胖,所以本句的意思应该是媒体污蔑肥胖,四个选项中,跟媒体相关系的词汇只有picture 意思为刻画,描写,描述。
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated、【答案】D associated
【解析】空格所在句的意思是与肥胖
_____的原型包括懒惰,缺乏意志力,
值不
b
一步证实了(出现在媒体中的肥胖者脸都是打了
对成功的期望值不高。空格后面提到的懒惰,缺乏意志力和对成功的期望
高都是与肥胖相关的表现,分析四个选项,A. 与。。。相比;B 与。。。相结合;C. 和。。。和解;都不符合题意,只有D与。。。相联系,相关符合句意。
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only 、【答案】A even
【解析】空格所在句的意思是_____小孩子蔑视超重,而且对身材的嘲笑一直是学校的一个问题。本空格缺少一个副词,根据语境记忆常识,此处应该填入表示让步关系的词汇,分析四个选项,只有
A even 即使符合题意。
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded、【答案】D grounded
【解析】根据语境,空前讲到对肥胖的负面态度,空后讲到对健康的关注,激发一批反肥胖的____。本句没有出现任何转折词,说明空前后所表达的意思是一致的,反对肥胖,是基于对健康的关注,分析四个选项,能够表达此意思的词汇,只有选项D grounded,意思是基于。
2014年全国考研英语二全文翻译答案超详解析.doc
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