Grammar — 名词、形容词、副词短语句法功能 [新知导引] 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 1．(教材P16)The first week was a little confusing. 2．(教材P16)The building is so big that I'm completely lost. 3．(教材P16)My first French class was very confusing. 4．I know that Chinese is a very difficult language. 5．I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. 6．(教材P18)I understand quite well that you are anxious and feel terrible. [共性呈现] 1．所有画线部分都是短语(词组)。 2．The first week, The building, My first French class属于名词短语，并作主语。 3．a little confusing, so big, completely lost, very confusing属于形容词短语，并且作表语；a very difficult language属于名词短语，作表语。 4．the school football team属于名词短语，作宾语。 5．so quickly与well enough属于副词短语，作状语。 [语法精释] 一、名词短语(Noun Phrases) 名词短语：指一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式有： 限定词＋名词 如：the girl 限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词 如：a beautiful girl 限定词＋名词＋介词短语 如：a beautiful campus of my school 限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 如：my school life ① The young lady over there is my English teacher. 那边的那位年轻女士是我的英语老师。 (名词短语The young lady 的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中
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充当主语)
② As a student, you must finish your homework on time. 作为一名学生，你必须按时完成作业。
(名词短语your homework 的构成形式为：限定词＋名词，该短语在句中充当宾语) ③ I have three close friends. 我有三个要好的朋友。
(名词短语three close friends的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当宾语)
④ He is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。
(名词短语my best friend的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中充当表语)
⑤ There are some red roses on that small table. 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(名词短语some red roses的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语，该短语在句中充当主语；that small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)
[即学即练1] 写出下列句中的名词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分 如：In my opinion, dancing is an exciting art form. 构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋名词；作表语 (1) The red clothes with five yellow stars are mine.
构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作主语 (2) They made him chairman of the meeting.
构成形式：名词＋介词短语；作宾补 (3) Miss Li, our math teacher, is very young.
构成形式：_限定词＋名词＋名词；作同位语 (4) The first young man is a bus driver.
The first young man是：限定词＋序数词＋形容词＋名词；作主语 a bus driver是：限定词＋名词＋名词；作表语
二、形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)
形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有：
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副词＋形容词 如：very suitable 形容词＋enough 如：good enough 形容词＋介词短语 如：good for nothing 副词＋形容词＋介词 如：well worthy of praise
① I'm very glad to see you. 我见到你很高兴。
(副词＋形容词，作表语)
② Your room is large and beautiful. 你的房间大且美丽。
(形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中充当表语)
③ The most beautiful tourist attraction in China is Mount Huang. 中国最美丽的旅游景点是黄山。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词tourist attraction)
④ A good friend is someone who makes you really happy. 好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语) ⑤ Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home.
(形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语) ⑥ The little boy is old enough to go to school.
(形容词＋副词， 该短语在句中充当表语)
[即学即练2] 写出下列句中的形容词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分 如：It is less cold today than it was yesterday. 构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语 (1) I find English very hard to learn. 构成形式： 副词＋形容词；作宾语补足语 (2) Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.
构成形式：副词＋and＋副词＋形容词；作表语 (3) The road is long enough.
构成形式：形容词＋副词；作表语 (4) The medicine is good for stomach.
构成形式：形容词＋介词短语；作表语
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(5) He looked very worried.
构成形式：副词＋形容词；作表语
三、副词短语(Adverb Phrases)
副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式为：
(副词)＋副词 如：much more beautifully
① She is by no means poor. In fact, he is quite rich.
(副词quite修饰形容词rich)
② Bill did the work very well. 比尔的工作做得很好。
(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语very well修饰动词did)
③ We are all entirely responsible for our actions. 我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。
(副词all修饰副词entirely副词短语all entirely修饰形容词短语responsible for) ④ Luckily, I will have enough spare time to take part in the activity. 幸运的是，我将有足够的时间参加活动。
(副词Luckily作状语修饰整个句子)
[即学即练3] 画出下列句中的副词短语 (1) I have completely forgotten your birthday. (2) Finally, I have made up my mind to join the club. (3) You are driving too fast. Could you drive less slowly? (4) Strangely enough, she didn't seem to like ballet very much. (5) The horse ran quite slowly, so they arrived very late.
答案：(1)completely (2)Finally (3)too fast; less slowly (4)Strangely enough; very much (5)quite slowly very late
小试牛刀
Ⅰ.写出下列加黑词的句法功能
1．The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.(限定词＋形容词＋名词；作主语)
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2．She studies English very hard.(副词＋副词；作状语) 3．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.(形容词＋名词；作宾语) 4．I'd like to go to coffee shop this weekend.(名词＋名词；作宾语) 5．Surprisingly, he refused our offer.(副词作状语) 6．He looked very worried.(副词＋形容词；作表语) 7．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals.(限定词＋形容词＋名词；作表语) 8．John, an old friend of mine, comes from America.(限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作同位语) Ⅱ.写出下列句中的形容词短语在句中所作的成分 1．He is young but clever.(作表语) 2．Traveling alone is quite dangerous.(作表语) 3．It is an easy thing to do.(作表语) 4．I think he is a man suitable for the job.(作定语) 5．I find the yard fairly quiet.(作宾语补足语) Ⅲ.用所给词的适当形式填空 1．I suggest that you think about it very carefully (careful)． 2．Mary and Jane are quite different (difference)． 3．He spoke too quickly (quick) for me to understand. 4．It really (real) works very well. 5．They got home at last, tired (tire) and hungry. Ⅳ.语法与写作 1．It sounds like a_good_idea. 听起来是个好主意。 2．She is so_clever_that we all like her. 她很聪明，我们都喜欢她。 3．It_is_very_important_for_us to form a good habit. 对我们来说，养成一个好习惯是很重要的。 4．I am_very_interested_in Chinese culture. 我对中国文化很感兴趣。
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teenage life - 语法 - 名词、形容词、副词短语句法功能
