上海市老年人营养状况调查
［结果］有60.7%的老人膳食结构欠合理，其中主要是奶制品、水果、水产品的摄入不足，谷类消费比较合理。上海市老年人中，超重占40.0%，肥胖8.0%，过轻4.4%；女性超重的比例略多于男性。
［结论］受多种因素的影响，上海市有过半的老年人膳食结构不合理，有近一半的老年人超重或肥胖，有必要加以改善。? A survey on dietary behaviors and their influencing factors in Shanghai eldersLIU Hong?1, GUO Hong-wei?2, GAO Wei-wei?1, WU Chun-feng?1 (1.Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China; 2.School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)?
:［Objective］To evaluate the nutritional status of Shanghai elders through dietary interview and physical examination, so as to provide scientific bases to improve their nutritional status.
［Methods］The survey was carried out in Shanghai elders’ aged 60～75 years. A cross-sectional epidemiological study was used. The questionnaire was designed through literatures reading, experts assessing
and pre-investigation. The diet of elders were interviewed using food frequency questionnaires. The rank
comprehensive evaluation and Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI) were selected to evaluate their dietary patterns. Body mass index (BMI) was selected to evaluate physical status of elders.
［Results］The food construction in 60.7% of Shanghai elders was unhealthy, including consuming not enough dairy, fresh fruit and fish. Grain consumption was comparatively reasonable in Shanghai elders. Among Shanghai elders, 40.0% were overweight, 8.0% were obese and 4.4% were underweight. The proportion of overweight was higher in females than in males.
［Conclusion］More than half of the Shanghai elders had unhealthy dietary patterns, which led to overweight or obesity. It needs to be improved. ?
人口老龄化已成为全球面临的重要卫生问题。我国尤其是上海的老龄化在加速。据有关文献报道，2003年上海市60岁以上的老年人已达254.67万人,占常住人口的18.98%；65岁以上的老年人已达199.49万人,占常住人口的14.87%。伴随着人口老龄化，老年人营养与健康问题变得越来越突出。合理营养是保证老年人健康的基础。世界卫生组织（WHO）将健康的生活方式概
括为：合理饮食、适量运动、戒烟、限酒及心理平衡。改善老年人的膳食、营养状况对改善老年人群健康、提高生活质量、降低社会负担都有深远的意义[1～3]。现通过对2002年上海市老年人膳食结构及体格、自感健康状况的调查结果进行评价，从中找出问题，为制订老年人膳食保证体系和干预措施提供科学的依据。?
1对象与方法? 1.1对象?
以上海市19个区、县为调查地区。在调查地区居住20年及以上时间，年龄为60～75岁（即1927～1942年出生）,并能自己回答问题的老年人人群为调查对象。根据上海市行政区域划分为19个调查点，按分层随机抽样方法进行抽样，共抽取1 300人。? 1.2方法?
研究以问卷调查为主，问卷参考国内外有关研究的内容与项目,并结合老年人的膳食特点编制，内容包括老年人一般情况、膳食结构及身高、体重。?
膳食结构调查采用简化的国内外常用食物消费频率表，询问包括粮谷类、蔬菜、水果、动物性食物（畜禽肉、水产类、蛋类）、奶类、豆类、酒类等主要食物消费频率[4]。单一食物摄入量的评价主要根据《中国平衡膳食宝塔》中提出的老年人每人每天食物推荐摄入量，并结合《中国居民膳食指南》、《中国老年人膳
上海市老年人营养状况调查-2019年精选文档
