9. assemble: v 集合、装配； assembly: n 装配 10. expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受
1). People often expose their skin to the sun in summer. 2). I won't expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks. 11. in that: 在于，因为
1). I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.
12. in question: 正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面) We know nothing about the plan in question. Analyze the difficult sentences
1. Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. (p2)
翻译：今天大多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按照编好的程序接任了汽车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。
分析：该句的考点是where引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰in the automotive industry。另外请注意几个词的用法：employ: v 雇佣，使用，相当于use; program: v 编写程序；take over: 接管、接收、接任，如：Do you want me to take over the driving if you are tired?
such...as例如，welding and spray painting是动名词，做宾语。 2. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen , although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. (p3)
翻译：除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业部门应用，虽然应用程度低一些。
分析：该句考点如下：already taking over human tasks in the automotive
field是现在分词短语做定语；to be seen不定式的被动概念；although to a lesser degree让步状语，to a lesser degree是表示：在更小的程度上，反义词：to a larger degree.
3. The robots used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. (p3) 翻译：核电站里使用机器人处理辐射材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。 分析：主语：The robots；谓语：handle；宾语：the radioactive materials；used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials是过去分词短语做定语；preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation是现在分词短语做伴随状语。being exposed to动名词被动语态；prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事。
4. Robots differ form automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. (p4) 翻译：机器人与自动化装置的区别在于它们完成一项特定任务后可以由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。
分析：该句重要考点：in that,相当于because, 所引导从句表原因。如： Men are different from other animals in that the former can create and use tools while the latter cannot.
5. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. (p5)
翻译：人们不知道是否有一天机器人能具有像人类一样好的视觉。 分析：该句的主语是whether引导的主语从句。（有关知识请见课后补充语法。），it 是形式主语；as good as human vision是后置定语修饰vision; 6. Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers, giving robots a sense of touch. (p6)
翻译：在其他方面努力取得进展的工程人员正在设计和实验新的金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。
分析：请注意该句中几个-ing的区别：working on other advances是非谓语动词中的现在分词；are designing and experimenting是谓语动词的进行时态；giving robots a sense of touch是非谓语动词的现在分词做结果状语。词组：experiment with sth实验。。。
7. These future robots, assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions, will have plenty of work to do. (p7)
翻译：未来具有触觉、视觉并能决策的机器人将可以做很多工作。 分析：主语：These future robots；谓语：will have；宾语：plenty of work to do。
assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions是过去分词短语做定语，修饰主语，其中动词不定式to see and make decisions是另外一个定语，修饰the ability.
词组：be assembled with sth = be equipped wth sth装备有。。。；a sense of touch触觉，同样的短语还有：a sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste:视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉；a sense of humor/direction:幽默感/方向感。make decisions做出决定；plenty of sth充足的，足够的
8. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. (p7)
翻译：任何希望了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。
分析：这句话是国考题目中常考的。考点：wanting to understand the industry of the future，是现在分词短语做定语，修饰anyone. 词组：know about sth了解。。。，懂得。。。。 补充语法知识：名词性从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。 一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： 1).It is a pity that you didn't go to see the film. 2).It doesn't interest me whether you succeed or not. 3).It is in the morning that the murder took place. 4).It is John that broke the window. 必背
用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：
It is said that... 据说…… It is reported that... 据报导……
It is well known that... 众所周知…… It is announced that... 据宣布…… It is believed that... 人们相信…… It is thought that... 人们认为…… It is understood that... 自不待言…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… 2.主语从句的语序
主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：
What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.
使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。 How he was successful is still a puzzle. 他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。 3. 连接词的选用 （1）that和what的选用
that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如： What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。
That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。
（2）if和whether的选用
引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：
Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.
我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。 （3）其它连接代词和副词的选用
根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：
When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided. 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。
Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear. 还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。 Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. 你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。
2011年自考英语（二）最全复习资料
