2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section II Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 大21家 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 大22家 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through 大23家 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 大24家 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 大25家 as a rejection of middle-class values.
Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 大26家 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 大27家 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 大28家 to criticism.
Changes in the social structure may indirectly 大29家 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 大30家 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 大31家 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 大32家 lead more youths into criminal behavior.
Families have also 大33家 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 大34家, children are likely to have less supervision at home 大35家 was common in the traditional family 大36家.
This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other 大37家 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased 大38家 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 大39家 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 大40家 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established. 21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering 22. [A] before
[B] unless
[C] until
23. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation 24. [A] return [B] reply
[C] reference 25. [A] or
[B] but rather
[C] but
26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting 27. [A] on
[B] in
[C] for
28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive 29. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check 30. [A] point
[B] lead
[C] come
31. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast 32. [A] case
[B] short
[C] turn
33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken
34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly 35. [A] than
[B] that
[C] which 36. [A] system [B] structure
[C] concept
37. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible
[D] commenting [D] because [D] consultation [D] response [D] or else [D] discarding [D] with [D] subject [D] reflect [D] amount [D] at length [D] essence [D] experienced [D] simultaneously [D] as [D] heritage [D] incredible
38. [A] expense 39. [A] incidence 40. [A] provide
[B] restriction [B] awareness [B] since
[C] allocation [C] exposure [C] although
[D] availability [D] popularity [D] supposing
Section III Reading Comprehension
Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent.” It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility.” says one expert. For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do -- then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs -- those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them -- and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析
