环境犯罪论文：环境犯罪基本问题研究
【中文摘要】环境问题已经成为全世界都普遍关注的严重社会问题,各种环境犯罪在目前也有着愈演愈烈的趋势。但是作为一种新兴的犯罪类型,理论界对环境犯罪的一些基本问题还存在不少的分歧,给实践中这类问题的处理带来了许多障碍。因此我们有必要将其最基本的涵义加以明确,从理论上把握环境犯罪的概念和主要特征,从而更加有效的指导对环境犯罪的打击,实现刑事法律保障人权和社会公共利益的机能。环境犯罪的概念无论是国内还是国外都有着许多不同的定义。笔者认为,环境犯罪的概念必须密切结合本国的立法实际,同时还应当体现环境犯罪最基本的内涵,将其定义为：环境犯罪就是指违反相关行政法律法规,故意或过失的破坏自然环境或生态资源,造成严重损害后果或损害危险的犯罪,是较为合理的。环境犯罪最为明显的特征就是它具备的行政XX性,环境犯罪的成立与相关行政法律法规密不可分,对XX性认识和空白罪状的研究是讨论环境犯罪行政从属性的主要内容。法益作为刑法所保护的利益,无论是实然的法益还是应然的法益,都必须和现行立法相结合来讨论,因此根据我国目前的立法状况和以后的立法趋势,结合环境犯罪实际所侵害的利益内容,将环境犯罪所侵害的法益规定为包含国家法益和人身财产法益的多重法益是较为合理的。由于环境犯罪原因复杂,危害结果又显现滞后,因此传统的因果关系理论在解决环境犯罪特别是污染类犯罪上遇到了瓶颈。笔者认为,国外关于环境犯罪因果关系理论的疫学因果
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关系、间接反正理论和因果关系推定理论具有着重要的参考意义,特别是结合了前二者优点的因果关系推定理论在解决环境污染类犯罪时具有较好的实践价值,加以改造之后完全可以被我国刑法所吸收。根据我国刑法理论,以犯罪的既遂标准不同划分出来的犯罪类型有结果犯、行为犯、危险犯和举动犯。环境犯罪中的结果犯和行为犯是主要的犯罪类型,各国刑法也都有相关的规定。但是关于环境犯罪的危险犯,我国刑法XX未有所体现。笔者认为,鉴于某些环境污染类犯罪具有较大的社会危害性,同时由于其固有的特点,有必要将其既遂的时间提前,做出危险犯的规定。由于社会的发展,犯罪类型呈现出复杂化、多样化的特点,在处置处理公害犯罪或保护某种重大利益的情况下,严格责任是否应当被引入在我国引起了不小的争论。通过研究,笔者认为严格责任和过错责任并不是矛盾的,其在程序意义上的效率价值决定其可以通过改造被我国司法所采用,提高诉讼效率,加强刑法预防环境犯罪的刑事机能。(?)
【英文摘要】Environmental problem has bee the serious social problems in the world, a variety of environmental crime also has intensified in the current trend. But as a new type of crime, environmental crime theorists still have many differences,making so many problems in practice. So we need to clarify its basic meaning, and grasp the concept of
environmental crime and the main characteristics to guid to bat environmental crime, and to achieve the criminal law’s
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protection of human rights and public interest
functions.Whether domestic or abroad, there are many different definitions of the concept. I believes that the environmental crime legislation must be closely bined with our practical, but also should reflect the basic content of environmental crime. The most obvious feature of environmental crime is that it have the administrative illegality, that is, the administration of environmental crime from the property. I believe that the legal interest protected by criminal law interests, whether it is real then the legal interest, or ought to be the legal interest, must be and existing legislation bines discussion, therefore, according to our current state of legislation and subsequent legislative trends, bined with environmental crime actually against the interests of the content, the environmental crimes against the legal interests of the provisions of national law to include personal and property interests and legal interests of the multiple legal interest is more reasonable. The consequential offense and the behavioral offense are the main mitted type. Potential damage offense has not been provided in China’s Criminal Law. I believe that. Environmental pollution due to some kind of crime has a greater social harm, it is necessary to pletion of the time of their crimes in advance,
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环境犯罪论文：环境犯罪基本问题研究
