青少年传统欺凌、网络欺凌与抑郁症状的相关性研究

青少年传统欺凌、网络欺凌与抑郁症状的相关性研究

汪耿夫;王秀秀;方玉;江流;袁姗姗;陶芳标;苏普玉

【期刊名称】《中华预防医学杂志》 【年(卷),期】2015(000)008

【摘要】目的：探究青少年参与传统欺凌和网络欺凌的频率和角色与抑郁症状的关系。方法2013年12月，按照分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取安徽省3个市的3所普通初中和3所普通高中5760名中学生，采用自行设计的《安徽省青少年健康相关行为问卷》，调查青少年基本人口统计学特征、传统欺凌（躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌）和网络欺凌情况；采用《自评抑郁问卷》调查青少年抑郁症状等。比较不同人口特征研究对象不同欺凌行为和抑郁症状的检出率，采用多因素logistic回归模型分析4种欺凌行为对抑郁症状的影响。结果回收有效问卷5726份，应答率为99.4%，躯体欺凌报告率为23.4%（1339/5726），言语欺凌报告率为55.0%（3147/5726），关系欺凌报告率为34.2%（1958/5726），网络欺凌报告率为8.9%（512/5726）；抑郁症状检出率为64.8%（3711/5726）。无论哪种类型欺凌行为，均表现为参与者比未参与者抑郁症状检出率高（P值均<0.05）。调整混杂因素后，参与任何频率和角色的言语欺凌和关系欺凌行为均是青少年抑郁症状的危险因素（OR=1.42~3.71，P值均<0.001）；躯体欺凌除偶尔欺凌-偶尔被欺凌不是青少年抑郁症状的危险因素外，OR（95%CI）值为1.08（0.79~1.49），参与其他频率和角色均是青少年抑郁症状的危险因素（OR=1.40~7.84，P值均<0.001）；网络欺凌则表现为经常欺凌他人和（或）经常被他人欺凌均是青少抑郁症状的危险因素（OR=2.30~4.55，P值均<0.001），而偶尔欺凌他人、

偶尔被他人欺凌、偶尔欺凌-偶尔被欺凌均不是青少年抑郁症状的危险因素，OR（95%CI）值分别为1.39（0.97~1.99）、1.58（0.88~2.82）和1.50（0.82~2.74）。结论参与躯体欺凌、言语欺凌、关系欺凌、网络欺凌均能够增加青少年抑郁症状的风险。%Objective To investigate the relationship between traditional bullying, cyberbullying and depression in adolescents, with the involvement frequency and different roles considered. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 5 726 middle school students in three cities of Anhui province in December 2013. Those students were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire of adolescent health-related behaviors in Anhui province. Self-reports on the general demographic information, physical, verbal, relational bullying and cyberbullying involvement and depression were collected. Additionally, the items assessing depression were based on Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The chi-square test used to compare prevalent rates of bullying involvement and depression in different groups of students with different demographic features. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to explore the relationships between all four types of bullying and depression, after controlling confounders. Results We got a final effective sample of 5 726 student. The response rate was 99.4% in this study. Among 5 726 adolescents, the prevalence rates of bullying in the last two months were 23.4% (1 339/5 726) physically, 55.0% (3 147/5 726) verbally, 34.2%

(1 958/5 726) socially, and 8.9% (512/5 726) electronically. The prevalence rate of depression was 64.8% (3 711/5 726). The detection rate was higher in participants who involved in physical, verbal, relational, and cyber bullying than those who not involved in bullying. After controlling the confounding factors, the different frequency and role of verbal and relational bullying were risk factors of depression (OR=1.42-3.71, all P values <0.001). As for physical bullying, except for occasional bully-victims (OR=1.08, 95%CI:0.79-1.49), others were more likely to be depressed than noninvolved students. (OR=1.40-7.84, all P values<0.001). Frequent involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and (or) victims were more likely to be depressed than noninvolved students (OR=2.30-4.55, all P values <0.001), but occasional involvement in cyberbullying as bullies and (or) victims were not the risk factors of adolescents' depression (OR=1.39, 95%CI:0.97-1.99; OR=1.58, 95%CI: 0.88-2.82; OR=1.50, 95%CI:0.82-2.74). Conclusion Involvement in physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying were risk factors for depression among adolescent students. 【总页数】6页(722-727) 【关键词】欺负;抑郁;青少年

【作者】汪耿夫;王秀秀;方玉;江流;袁姗姗;陶芳标;苏普玉

【作者单位】230032合肥，安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系;230032合肥，安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学