最全面英国文学史知识点总结

英国文学史

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons

Epic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.

Artistic features:

1. Using alliteration

Definition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵） Some examples on P5

2. Using metaphor and understatement

Definition of understatement: expressing something in a controlled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideas

Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里 ·乔叟1340~1400

(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)

The father of English poetry.

writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.

① 坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English

②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德

③ 声誉之宫

Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)

Famous three：King Arthur

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

Beowulf

II The Renaissance Period

A period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.

Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.

Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:

1. new discoveries in geography and astrology

2. the religious reformation and economic expansion

3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture

The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe

William Shakespeare

Ben Johnson.

1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙·斯宾塞1552~1599

（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets’ poet. The first to be buried in the Poet’s corner of Westerminster Abbey

① 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth)

The theme is not “Arms and the man”, but something more romantic “Fierce wars and faithfull

loves”.

Artistic features:

1. Using Spenserian Stanza

Definition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight lines in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter.

② 牧人日历

The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.

③ 爱情小唱?

2. Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535

One of the greatest English humanists

①乌托邦

3. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯·培根1561~1626

（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）

Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?

Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man’s reason.

①学术的推进

②随笔(famous quotas: )?

The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.

4. Ben Jonson

①

②狐狸

5. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗·马洛1564~1595

“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama

（完善了无韵体诗。）

Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

①浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）

②帖木耳大帝?

③马耳他的犹太人

6. William Shakespeare威廉·莎士比亚1564~1616?

① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII

②Four Comedies四大喜剧:

皆大欢喜;

第十二夜;

仲夏夜之梦;

威尼斯商人

③Four Tragedies四大悲剧:

哈姆莱特;

奥赛罗;

李尔王;

麦克白

④Shakespeare Sonnet :

154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.

III The 17th Century

1. John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608~1674

（诗人、政论家;失明后写 《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。）

①Epics: 失乐园

复乐园

②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙

③ 论出版自由?

为英国人民声辩

④ 我的失明

This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet.

Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.

2. John Bunyan约翰·班扬1628~1688

（代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）

Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)