好文档 - 专业文书写作范文服务资料分享网站

2019年高考高中英语语法基础知识汇编手册

天下 分享 时间: 加入收藏 我要投稿 点赞

高中英语语法知识汇编 第一章:基本知识

一. 简单句的五种基本结构

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: S V (主+谓)

二: S V P (主+系+表) 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型 一:S V (主+谓) It is raining now.

We've worked for 5 hours.

The meeting lasted half an hour. Time flies.

基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)

系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词在有些时候也可作系动词,有人称之为半系动词。

常见的半系动词有:

(1)表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等; (2)表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等;

(3)表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。 系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语 He is a student.

Your idea sounds great.

基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)

此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。 She likes English. We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday. 基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾) 一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。 如:He give me a cup of tea. (S V o O) He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary. = He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me. She gave John a book.= She bought a book for me. 基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)

此句型的句子的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表 完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补 语:位于宾语之后对宾语做出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓 系,它们一起构成复合宾语。 The war made him a soldier.

New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work.

The teacher asked the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. 句子种类: 1)简单句:

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 2) 并列句:

由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。要注意哟,逗号是不可以连接句子的,这一点和汉语不同. 1、连接两个同等概念。The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John. 2、表示选择。Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折。 He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果关系

August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 3)复合句:

当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变为句子时,整个句子就成为复合句了。 1. It is wrong. (只有一个主谓结构,是简单句) What he said is wrong. 2. The boy over there is my brother.

3. The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother. 4. I was doing my homework at six.

I was doing my homework when he came in.

考点: 两个主谓结构时,要用连接词,变为并列句或复合句 判断正误

I like English, my English is very good.( ) I like English and my English is very good.( ) As I like English, my English is very good. ( ) I have a house, its windows are very big. ( ) I have a house and its windows are very big. ( ) I have a house, whose windows are very big. ( ) 试真题

单句改错

1 Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.

2 If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. 3 Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework. 4 There the air is clean or the mountain are green.

5 A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset. 6 If you notice that someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher

单句填空.

1 It was time for her to have a new baby,_____ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

2 He is a shy man, ____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.

3 But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ____ even a few months. 4 Give me a chance ,____ I will give you a wonderful surprise.

5 It is not easy to change habits,____ with awareness and self-control , it is possible.

第二章 名词 考纲解读 : 掌握高考常考名词的词义及其单复数形式,并能在具体语境中灵活运用

命题趋势:1 语法填空主要考查学生对句子结构的理解, 根据名词的地位和作用,对所给 单词的进行名词及名词的格的转换,或根据数量要求考查名词的单复数形式。

名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。

2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。

4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词

一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars

以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses

以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化

1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。

如:two Marys the Henrys

monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos;

b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes

c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词ZYB可调式渣油泵变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes gulf---gulfs; b. 去f, fe 加 ves,如:half---halves

2019年高考高中英语语法基础知识汇编手册

高中英语语法知识汇编第一章:基本知识一.简单句的五种基本结构英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下:一:SV(主+谓)二:SVP(主+系+表)三:SVO(主+谓+宾)四
推荐度:
点击下载文档文档为doc格式
95jjd73lsf4mu7526k929d31q9p63i00edh
领取福利

微信扫码领取福利

微信扫码分享