八下牛津英语语法讲解与练习------被动语态
一、各种时态的被动语态
一般现在时：am／is／are＋动词过去分词 Cars are made by them. 一般过去时：was／were＋动词过去分词 The MP3 was bought by my father.
一般将来时：will/shall/be going to be＋动词过去分词 The bridge will be completed in ten days. 现在完成时：have／has been＋动词过去分词 The meeting has been put off. 二、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”。例如： we can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. →This work must be done soon. We have to clean the classroom. → The classroom has to be cleaned by us. 三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题. （1）时态保持一致。
I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.
（2）如果要说出动作的执行者，并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时，就用by短语，如果后面的词表示地点，不是动作的执行者，就用in短语。 It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan.
(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。 He cleaned the car. → The car was cleaned by him. (4)疑问句的被动语态，用be动词的对应形式代替do Does she drive this car? →Is this car driven by her?
（5）谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词。 His best friend often looks after him. --He is often looked after by his best friend.
(6)主动句中有一些动词如buy,send,give,show,offer,tell,lend,teach等，带有双宾语，一个是直接宾语（指物），另一个是间接宾语（指人），主动语态变为被动语态时，可以把间接宾语变成主语，保留直接宾语，也可以把直接宾语变为主语，保留间接宾语，但此时一般在间接宾语前加一个介词。 My father gave me a book.
→(1)I was given a book by my father. → (2) A book was given to me by my father. She showed me some photos.
→(1)I was shown some photos by her. → (2) Some photos were shown to me by her.
注意：有些双宾语动词，如do,pass,sell,send,sing，bring,write等，变为被动语态时，通常以直接宾语作主语，保留间接宾语，其前面根据情况用介词to或for She wrote me a letter. → A letter was written to me by her.
有些双宾语动词如answer,save,envy(羡慕)等，通常以间接宾语作被动语态主语，保留直接宾语。He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.
（7）主动语态句中使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，但变为被动语态时要加上to，这类的动词有make, have, let, notice， see， watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel help等。 Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. → He was made to wash the dishes. I saw a boy cross the street . → A boy was seen to cross the street.
- 1 -
（8）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。 例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ） 四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1、（1）英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well. The coats sell well. The knife cuts well.这刀好使。 The shoes wear long.这鞋耐穿。
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较：The door won't lock． （指门本身有毛病）
The door won't be locked． （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）
（2） 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out（出现）等以主动形式表示被动意义。
（3） 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 Your reason sounds reasonable.
2、在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
（1） 在need，want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理。
（2） 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
（3） 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy. 五、下列情况不能用于被动语态 1.不及物动词没有被动语态
这类动词常见的有：take place,happen,last,rise,break out,appear等
The accident happened last night.（√）The accident was happened last night.(×) 2.系动词没有被动语态
这些动词有：feel,turn,taste,sound,smell,look,get,become等。
8下 被动语态专项练习
一、按要求改写下列句子
1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态） people ____________ tea in South China？
2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year．（同义句转换）
A birthday present _________ ________ ________ _______by my parents every year 3.The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)
An English song __________ __________ _________ by the children. 4.You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)
It ____________ ______________ _____________ by you now.
- 2 -
5.People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)
Metal ____________ ____________ ______________making machines. 6.He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)
I ____________ ____________ _____________ ____________ that for him. 7..Some People noticed those workers making machines. (改为被动语态)
Those workers ____________________ _________________making machines. 8.They often saw the boy watch the football matches last year. (改为被动语态)
The boy ________ often _________ ________ ________ the football matches by them. 9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) __________ a bridge ___________ here by them a year ago? 10.Harry Jones designed the game. (改为被动语态) The game _______ _______ ______ Harry Jones.
11. He often makes us work for ten hours a day. (改为被动语态)
We ___________ often___________ to __________ for ten hours a day. 12.My parents buy me a birthday cake every year. (改为被动语态)
(1)I __________________ ______________ a birthday cake by my parents every year. (2)A birthday cake ___________ __________ __________ me by parents every year. 13. We noticed him eating snacks in class. (改为被动语态) He eating snacks in class by us. 14. He plants many trees every year. (把句子改为被动语态) Many trees ________ _________by him every year.
15. The teacher made him hand in homework before class. (把句子改为被动语态) He was ________ ________hand in homework before class (by the teacher). 16. He bought a CD-ROM last year. (把句子改为被动语态) A CD-ROM last year.
17. He organizes activities of the Computer Club. (把句子改为被动语态) Activities of the Computer Club by him. 18..Does everyone in the world know the Great Wall? (把句子改为被动语态) the Great Wall in the world? 19..I gave him a present yesterday. (把句子改为被动语态) A present him by me Yesterday. 20.The workers built the bridge in 2004. (把句子改为被动语态) The bridge by the workers in 2004. 二、单项选择
1. Each year quite a lot of food________ around the world.
A. was wasted B. is wasted C. wasted D. will be wasted 2.The sick man _______to hospital by the policeman an hour ago. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 3.Elephants carry wood by people long time ago.
A. was trained B. trained to C. train to D. were trained to 4.—Why are you so excited today?
--We were told ________ a picnic this weekend.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had 5. The meeting _______ two weeks ago.
- 3 -
A. hold B. was held C. were held D. is held 6.The thief ________ by the police last night.
A. caught B. is caught C. was caught D. were caught 7. Last year Beijing ____ by a big sandstorm.
A. is hit B. were hit C. will be hit D. was hit 8．—Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.
–I’m sorry, but I _____ when to meet. A. don’t tell B. didn’t tell C. haven’t told D. wasn’t told 9 .Twelve-year-olds should not to drive in China.
A. allow B. be allow C. allowed D. be allowed 10. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold
11. –At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. –More chances to students to learn from each other.
A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 12. – a new library in our school last year? –Yes, it was.
A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build 13. –What the plane often ? ------A training centre.
A. is; used as B. –was; used to C. is; used to D. was; using as 14.He was seen _________ a bank just now
A. to enter B. to enter into C. enter D. entering into 15.Were they heard ___________ at that time?
A. talk and laugh B. to talk and laugh C. talking and laughing D. talked and laughed 16.The new flats in the centre of the town ____________ well.
A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 17.The World Cup_______________ every four years.
A. takes place B. is taken place C. is held D. Both A and C 18.Old people are often ____________politely by the young in our country.
A. spoken to B. speaking C. spoken D. speaking 19.—Boys and girls, have you finished drawing the pictures? —Yes, they________ a moment ago. A. have finished B. were finished C .are finished D. finished 20.Mary didn’t know where the birthday card________ and looked worried.
A. was hiding B. was hidden C. hid D. hidden 21. Tom by his classmates because he made a careless mistake. A. laughed at B. was laughed at C. laughed D. was laughed
22. They _______ day and night.
A are made work B are made to work C made to be worked D are making to work 23. You may go fishing if your work_______ .
A is done B will be done C has done D have done 24. These kinds of CD---ROMS______ in that shop over there. They _____ well.
A are sold, are sold B are sold, sell C sell, sell D sell, are sold 25. Mr Chen has a loud voice. His voice can _____ clearly even in that big classroom.
A hear B be heard C be hearing D have heard 26. ----- Do you like the flower? --------- Yes, it ______ sweet.
A smells B is smelling C smelt D is smelt 27. English _______ in many countries, but the Chinese _______ their own language.
A. speaks; spoken B. is spoken; is spoken C. is spoken; speak D. is spoken; speaks
- 4 -
28. ---How many cakes can I have, Mum? ---None, dear. They _______ for your father. A. prepare
B prepared
C. have prepared D. were prepared
29. His new book has________.
A come on B been come on C come out D been come out 30. Food and clothes to the children in poor areas by the volunteers .
A. hand out B are handed out C are handing out D worked out 三、用（ ）里词的适当形式填空
1.Young trees____________(water) well every day.
2.Thirty bikes_______________ (repair) by Uncle Wang last week. 3.This kind of machine ______________ (use) for cutting things. 4. Many strange things (take) place every year.
5.Rice __________ (grow) twp thousand years ago by Chinese people. 6.Information ____________ (keep) in the computer just now.
7.Children under 1.2m in height should______________(not take)to the concert hall. 8.Activities_____________(plan)to help the poor every year. 9.Our classroom is so dirty and it needs_____________(clean). 10 Jack is very funny. I am always made __________ (laugh)
11. The good news is that most of the cases of blindness can ________________(cure). 12.Children should ____________________________(treat)with kindness. 13.She was made _______________________________( wait) half an hour.
14.Usually those letters_______________________________(write) in English in the past. 15. Do you know that Oxfam _______________________(set) up in the UK in 1942? 16. A new film _______________________(show) at Red Star Cinema yesterday.
17. —What_________ your computer__________(use) for? —Sending and receiving e-mails. 18. You may go out and play as soon as your homework _____________(finish). 五、完形填空
1
Now computers are very 1 among young people. Last week, we asked thirty young people 2 fourteen and eighteen. We asked how much 3 they usually spent on their computers in a week, but we 4 most interested in 5 they used their computers for.
The usual time spent on a computer in a week was about twelve hours, with 6 user about thirty-two hours, and the lowest user only five hours.
All the children said they usually used computers 7 . Fourteen children told us they did some word processing (文字处理) 8 . Only two of them said computers 9 their lessons, and eight children told us they kept addresses and phone numbers in their computers or used 10 to write diaries. Only three children
- 5 -
（word完整版）牛津译林版八年级下册被动语态专项练习(2)
