2020届山东省普通高中学业水平等级考试英语试题(模拟卷)
本试卷共120分，考试时间100分钟。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项：
1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。
2．选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱。不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Time for an adventure?
Are you a bit bored with your nine-to-five routine?Have a look at our exciting range of holidays and decide what type of adventure you’d 1ike． Activity holidays
Our activity holidays are for everyone，people who love danger or who just like sports．We have a huge variety of water，snow or desert holidays．We’11 take you SCUBA diving in the Red Sea or kayaking and white water rafting in Canada．If you prefer snow，you can try skiing or snowboarding in the Alps．For those who like warmer weather，we also have sand-boarding—the desert version of skateboarding． Polar expeditions
Take a cruise to the Antarctic or the Arctic；explore a land of white natural beauty and wonderful wildlife．Our experts will explain everything about the two poles as you watch the penguins in the Antarctic or whales and polar bears in the Arctic． Cultural journeys
Our cultural journeys will help you discover ancient civilizations：India，Thailand，Egypt and many more．Visit temples，palaces and ancient ruins just remember to bring your camera!Get to know local ways of life by exploring markets，trying foreign foods and meeting
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local people． Trekking tours
We have trekking holidays to famous places such as Machu Picchu or the Everest Base Camp Trek，as well as some nearer to home in the Highlands of Scotland．You don’t need to be very sporty，just fairly fit．You’11 have a great time enjoying nature with a group of new friends．Some of the holidays include camping，but we’11 transport the tents for you! 1．Which tour will you choose if you want to watch animals in nature? A．Activity holidays． C．Cuhural journeys．
B．Polar expeditions． D．Trekking tours． B．Enjoy sandboarding． D．Try snowboarding in the Alps． B．Young teenagers． D．Successful businessmen．
B
“What is the biggest challenge of graduate school?”an undergraduate asked the group of graduate students at an event I helped organize last summer．“Not letting the support from my community turn into pressure，”one member responded．That answer might have surprised some，who probably expected to hear about experiments that didn’t work or trudging through academic materials．But I understood exactly what she meant．
Throughout my education，friends and family have expected me to take advantage of every opportunity I come across because I may not get the same chance again．They expect me to give outstanding performances everywhere I go because I represent them and our culture．Mentors(导师)expect that I will never give up．This has been a great source of motivation，but also of pressure．
I remembered a conversation with a mentor．At the end of my first year of graduate school，I struggled with a strong desire to leave the program with a master’s degree．I was accustomed to hearing“Don’t give up”and“You have to finish”—words that were meant to be motivational．Instead，they made me feel I would be a disappointment if I left．After I discussed the pros and cons of leaving with my mentor，she responded completely different from what I expected．“I support any decision you make，”she said．“I will always be proud of
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2．What can explorers probably do during the trekking tours? A．Do some sports． C．Camp on the mountains． A．Senior retirees． C．Regular workers．
3．Who are the holiday adventure events mainly aimed at?
you and your achievements．”Hearing this simple，direct statement of support，I felt every muscle of my body loosen．
My mentor knew the right thing to say，but we can’t expect the same from everyone．Sometimes，friends and family ask me，“How long until you get your degree?”As many graduate students will agree，this question is a stress starter．Now，when people in my community—always with the best intentions—say something that creates pressure and makes me feel bad，I tell them and we talk about it．I tell them that I prefer to hear，“Do you need someone to talk to?How can I help you through this rough time?”This was a bit awkward at first．But I’ve started to notice a change．These days，I get fewer stress-inducing(引起压力的)questions and comments．
4．Which can replace the underlined word“trudging”in paragraph 1 ? A．Struggling． B．Seeing． A．He was afraid to 1eave his program． B．He appreciated what his mentor said． C．He preferred to discuss pros and cons．
D．He had a strong desire to get a master’s degree． 6．Which does the author prefer to hear when he needs support? A．Never give up!
B．How about a chat?
C．Have you prepared for the result? D．Go ahead!1 will back you up！ 7．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Value the source of inspiration from your community． B．Communicate with your community more about study． C．Find a way to block out support from your community． D．Let support from your community become less stressful．
C
A new study finds that the average performance of students from the lowest income families in the US lags(滞后)about three to four years behind that of the highest income students an achievement gap that has remained constant for decades．An analysis of standardized tests given to more than 2．7 million middle and high school students over 40 years suggests that federal education programs aimed at closing the gap are falling short．
Researchers looked at results from four different programs conducted nationwide at
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C．Breaking． D．Cutting．
5．What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the author?
variuous intervals from 1971 to 2015 to test teenagers in math，reading and science．A total of 98 exams were used in the programs，testing students aged 13-15 as well as 17-year-olds．Test scores for 17-year-old students in the bottom 10th income percentile(百分位)were far lower than those in the top 10th percentile．
Meanwhile，the overall test scores didn’t shift for 17-year-olds during the study period．They did improve slightly for 13-to 15-year-olds，which suggests that federal programs for younger students have been helpful．But the lowest income students still score much lower than the highest income students．“Programs for older students are badly needed，”says study coauthor Eric Hanushek，an education economist at Stanford University．“Lower achievement in high schoo1 leads to lower earning potential throughout aduhhood．The next generation is going to look a lot like this generation．Kids from poor families will become poor themselves．”
Whether the problem is worsening，however，is up for debate．A 2011 study，conducted by Stanford education sociologist Sean Reardon，looked at 12 exams administered from 1960 to 2007，and found that the gap in test scores between the poorest and the wealthiest students grew by 40 percent．It shows the poorest students 1ag about three to six years behind their wealthier peers in 1earning．Reardon suggested parents of means were increasingly investing in their children’s education，sharpening the divide．
The different results between the new study and that conducted in 2011 come down to the fact that the researchers analyzed results from different tests and how they categorized(分类)family income 1evel，says education sociologist Anna Chmielewski．Hanushek and Reardon agree that the income-related achievement gap is alarming． 8．What does the result of the new study indicate?
A．The poorest students’lagging behind exists in specific age groups． B．A better standard for category should be adopted in the study． C．The federal education programs turned out unsuccessful generally． D．A better school performance necessarily leads to higher income． 9．How does the author present the serious issue?
A．By showing the discussion result． B．By clarifying some points． C．By doing a questionnaire．
D．By making a comparison． B．The analytical methods． D．The different ranges of age．
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10．What may cause the different results of the two studies? A．The different countries． C．The income assessments．
11．Why does the income-related achievement gap concern people? A．It will disappear eventually． B．It will further widen the social gap．
C．It results in the students’blind competitions． D．It makes Americans smarter and richer．
D
Scientists already know that plants are highly sensitive to touch of any kind．If you’ve ever touched Mimosa pudica(含羞草)，you’ve already witnessed its fan-like leaves close up．But most of the time，the effect is invisible，or immediately invisible．A recent study found that touching plants causes such a dramatic response in their hormones and gene expression that it could greatly prevent their growth．
The team touched thale cress，a weedy plant，with soft paint brushes，and then analyzed the plant’s biological responses．“The lightest touch from a human，an animal，an insect，or even plants touching each other in the wind，causes a huge gene response in the plant，”Jim Whelan，a biologist at La Trobe University in Australia，said in a statement．“Within 30 minutes of being touched，10％of the plant’s genome(基因组)is changed．”
Previous research has suggested that touch could actually be beneficial，because it stimulates(刺激)the plant’s immune system．But this study found that the plants used many resources to respond to touch，which are then not available for growing．The researchers found if they touched a plant multiple times，this was enough to reduce its growth rate by as much as 30％．Other papers have similarly shown that touch can change plant growth；a paper released in 2016 found that even a gentle pat could change the expression of thousands of genes within the same plant．
“While plants don’t appear to complain when we step on them，or just brush by them while going for a walk，they’re fully aware of this contact and rapidly respond to our treatment of them，”said Olivier Van Aken，a plant biologist at the University of Western Australia．
Whelan and his team uncovered more information about the genetic pathways that are activated by touching a plant，which may be useful for developing more resilient(能复原的) plants．Whelan told the Sydney Morning Herald that the findings are likely most useful for the agriculture industry：if plant scientists can find ways to change that defensive response，produce yields(产量)could potentially go up． 12．How does touch prevent a plant growlng? A．By causing genetic changes． B．By conveying harmful substances．
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2020届山东省普通高中学业水平等级考试英语试题(模拟卷) Word版含答案
