大学英语精读第
6 册全文课文翻译
第六册
RESEARCH REPORTS FOR BUSINESS AND
THECNICAL WRITING
A surprising amount
商务、技术研究报告的写作
of one's time as reporting
the
a student and results
作为学生和专业人员，他们花了大量时间将
自己的研究项目的结果报告给老师，经理和委托人。的确，一个人如果没有从事研究工作的基本技能和将研究成果清楚而完整地表达的能力，那么他就会在学习和工作中碰到许多障碍。科研写
professional is spent of
one's
research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles in school and on the job. The need for some research-writing ability is felt
nearly
equally and
by college as well
students in
all fields, and the
作能力的需要对于在各个领域的学生都是相等的，无论理工科学生还是商务、人文学科的学生都是这样研究生阶段的学习对学生的科研写作提
engineering on
science as business
skills,
humanities. Graduate study often makes great demands
the student's
research-writing
economics psychology,
and
most and and
professions continue the demand; education, advertising and marketing, engineering, data.
出了很高的要求， 而且大多数职业继续要求这样：教育（学）、广告与市场营销、经济学与会计学，理工科、心理学、人类学、艺术以及农艺可能都
and accounting, anthropology,
science the
arts,
agriculture may all require regular reporting of research
要定期报告研究的信息。
研究报告的要素
ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER intended sections
reader , contains may
be
broken
may
and they
four
标准的研究报告，不论是哪个领域或针对哪类读者，都有四个主要部分。这些大的部分可以分成
The standard research report, regardless of the field or the
major
sections.
a variety
These
of of
down into 许多小的部分，而且结构安排可以多种多样，但是报告的核心通常由这四大部分组成的。
subsections, be arranged in a variety
ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report. Problem Section. The first required section of a research report research precise researcher
is the statement
project statement
问题部分。研究报告的首要部分就是陈述研究项
of the problem
This
with which which
the
a the
目所涉及的问题。这一部分要求准确阐述研究者要问答的根本问题。在这同一个部分里应该从社会、经济，医学、心理、教育方面来解释问题的
is concerned. section requires question In this same
of the underlying
has set out to answer . section
-- of
there should be an explanation of the significance -- social, economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc. the question; in other words, why the investigation was worth conducting. answer
the
意义：换言之，为什么值得进行这项研究。这样，
举例来说， 如果我们开始回答 “经常食用快餐食品
Thus, if we set out,
is the
for example, effect
to
对美国青少年有什么影响？ ”那么我们就必须解释，此问题认为同这部分的人口有着非常密切的
question \ of
regular
consumption of fast foods on the health of the American
关系，可能导致对此类食品作出某种规定。
teenager?\ have significant relevance to the health of this segment of the population and might lead to some sort of regulations on such foods.
问题这一部分通常有一个小部分对该课题过去的
研究民情况进行回顾。这可能包括对这个问题以前的研究者作出的贡献进行总结以及对这些贡献作出某种评价。这一小部分具有修辞作用，因为它显示了所提供的资料是在对本领域所取得的成
A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist
of summaries
of the contributions of previous
researcher to the question under consideration with some
assessment subsection
of the value of these usefulness
contributions.
This
果透彻理解的基础上取得的，因而它提高了对研
has rhetorical in that it enhances
the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in the field and, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition. Procedures research exactly subjects
how
究者的可信度。并且很可能是从某种调查研究中得出来的。
过程部分。研究报告的第二大部分准确阐述了，用尽可能多的资料，研究是如何进行的。这部分
Section. the
The second major
out. were
section of the
report details,
study
with as much was carried if subjects
data as possible,
This section
包括说明所需要的设备， 实验对象是怎样选择的，如果使用了的话，用什么统计方法来评价实验成果的意义，进行了多少次观察以及什么时候进行
includes description of any necessary equipment, how the
were
selected
used,
what
statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigation of the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have to detail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, the
的等。如果要对不同泳姿的相应效果进行研究的
话，那么就要详细说明参加测试的人数，进行测试的性质，游泳者的经历，进行测试的天气条件，以及对整个实验有影响的其它因素。过程部分的
experience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the test, and any other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.
目的是让读者能模拟实验，如果他愿意这么样来
证实或驳斥你的结果的话。
结果部分。研究报告的第三，也许是最重要的部
Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the this section
is to give
all data relevant
to
分是展示从研究中获得的结果。这部分的基本原则就是对最初提出的问题提供一切有关的资料。
results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule in question initially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppress any findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the was inadequate
or contrary
to expectations,
当然，虽然人的自然倾向可能是对任何在某方面与自己的假设不符的结果进行隐瞒，可是这种不
the research
诚实与任何领域优秀的研究报告是相背的。如果所进行的实验不能证实什么，如果资料不充分或与期望相反，那么研究报告就应该如实而且尽可
experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data
the report
能完整地写下来，就象假设被研究证实了的那样
should be honestly written and as complete as possible, just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research. Discussion
把它写下来。
讨论部分。研究报告的最后一个必要部分就是讨
Section. The final required section
of
a
论所获得的结果，阐述从那些结果中得出的任何结论。在商务和技术的研究报告中，人们主要关
research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawn from those results. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for
company
meet
decisions: federal
注是结果的可靠性，这也是公司决策的依据；我们策划的项目符合联邦环境政策吗？会得到批准
Will our environmental
Will
this
planned
construction
project approved skilled recovery
guidelines Will feasible?
and be oil the
进行吗？ ?这个新项目会吸引技术人材到我们公司来吗？从金融方面看，这项石油回收新技术可行吗？这样，研究报告的讨论必须全面评价研究
for building? personnel
to
technique section
new program attract
our company? research
this new
Thus,
be financially of the
discussion report must evaluate
成果：它们获得是否真实？它们是完整的还是有局限性？它们的应用范围很大吗？讨论部分也应该指出哪些问题仍然没有找到答案，也许对进一
the research results fully: were they validly obtained, are they complete or limited, are they applicable over a wide range
of circumstances?
The discussion
section should
also point
out what question remain unanswered and
步研究提出一些建议。
perhaps suggest directions for further research.
研究报告的文体
STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTS Research
reports
人们认为研究报告是属于正规的专业交流。
据此，
are considered
there
formal professional
on a
communication. As such, is little emphasis
并不强调用活泼文体，当然也不反对文章写得生动有趣。专业交流的主要目的是准确、明晰，完
lively style, although, of course, there is no objection to
writing that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. should properly be used, proper suggesting
The
整。校订任何研究报告初稿都应保证所有资料正确提供，所有设备列出，所有结果恰当详述。为方便读者，应该使用标题，至少标明报告的主要部分，而所有资料都应当在恰当的标题下陈述。
rough draft of any research
report
be edited
detailed.
to ensure that all data is correctly
presented, that all equipment is listed, that all results are
As an aid to the
indicating at least the major section of the report should
and all data headings.
In
should be presented addition
to their
the contents
reader , headings
标题除了有向读者提示每部分内容的功能外，它还提高了报告的规范性和学术质量，同时报告是按逻辑、有条理地写出来的，因此在某种程度上
under the function
of
to the reader of each section,
增加了作者的可信度，消除了报告各部分之间冗
headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections. proper different given different
to
emphasis readers
on major different
长的承上启下的词语。
应该用一种恰当强调项目主要方面的方式陈述研
究资料。对于不同的读者来说，不同的方面具有不同的重要性。应该考虑到报告的结构因不同的
Research data should be presented in a way that places
aspect aspects
of the will take reports
project.
For
读者而有所不同。例如：资方对研究项目的结果最为关心，所以这部分应该加以强调。在问题部
on different
degrees of importance, and some consideration should be
structuring audiences.
research Management,
differently
for be
分之后和过程部分之前有可能立即出现。其他的研究人员对过程部分尤为感兴趣，所以在把研究项目整理成文用于在专业刊物发表或在专业会议
for example, will
most concerned with the results of a research project, and thus the results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problem section and before the procedures section. Other researchers would be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be
highlighted
上宣读时，这一部分应该着重突出。对于非专业
读者和联邦机构来说，首要考虑的是研究结果的含
in
writing up research For non-technical
projects
for and
意，对于这部分读者来说，应该强调讨论部分。
publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional the most be
placed
另外为了明晰、强调，主要成果不仅应该用书面文字而且还应该用表格，图表，图解，简图等直观形式来表述。
conferences. important
readers
federal agencies, the implications of the results might be
consideration,
and emphasis of
should for
on the discussion
the
report
this
除了检查研究报告是否在技术资料方面表达清
readership.
For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format -- tables, charts, graphs, diagrams -- as well as in a verbal one. presentation report mechanical
of technical
楚、准确外，作者还应该检查基本语法和打印方面是否准确。在陈述复杂信息时最好使用短句。应该使用列举方法来避免长篇大论，强调信息。
Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the
data, the author for
of a research
研究报告的作者应该在不损害报告的专业质量的情况下尽可能使用最简单的语言。虽然专业术语能够使用，但虚饰的行为应当避免。一篇完整的
should review basic grammatical and
to
accuracy. Short sentences are preferable
long in the presentation of complex information. Listings
大学英语精读第6册课文全文翻译-中英对照
