{财务管理税务规划}美国细菌学分析手册第八版弯
曲菌
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BAM:Campylobacter
Return to BAM table of contents1January2001
BacteriologicalAnalyticalManualChapter7Campylobacter
Authors:JanM.Hunt,Carlos AbeytaandTonyTranRevisionHistory:
?Updatedandrevised:2000-DEC-29
?
MediaInstructionsModifiedon2001-MAR-08
IsolationofCampylobacterSpeciesfromFoodandWater
CampylobacterisconsideredbymanytobetheleadingcauseofentericillnessintheUnitedStates(20,26).Campylobacterspeciescancausemildtoseverediarrhea,withloose,waterystoolsoftenfollowedbybloodydiarrhea(7,20).C.jejuni,C.coli,andC.lariaccountformorethan99%ofthehumanisolates(C.jejuni90%).Otherspecieshavebeenassociatedwithhumanillnessinrecentyears(7,17,18,23,26,27).
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Campylobacterspeciesarehighlyinfective.TheinfectivedoseofC.jejunirangesfrom500to10,000cells,dependingonthestrain,damagetocellsfromenvironmentalstresses,andthesusceptibilityofthehost(4,6,7,20,27).OnlythemesophilicC.fetusisnormallyinvasive.Thermophilicspecies(optimum42°C)suchasC.jejuniareoccasionallyinvasive.Theinfectionsaremanifestedasmeningitis,pneumonia,miscarriage,andasevereformofGuillain-Barrésyndrome(6,20).ThermotolerantstrainsofC.fetusthatgrowat42°Chavebeenisolatedfrompatients(17).
Campylobactersarecarriedintheintestinaltractofawidevarietyofwildanddomesticanimals,especiallybirds.Theycanestablishatemporaryasymptomaticcarrierstate,aswellasillness,inhumans.Thisisespeciallyprevalentindevelopingcountries(20).Consumptionoffoodandwatercontaminatedwithuntreatedanimalorhumanwasteaccountsfor70%ofCampylobacter-relatedillnesseseachyear.Thefoodsincludeunpasteurizedmilk,meats,poultry,shellfish,fruits,andvegetables,(1,8-11,17,19,20,22,25,26).
C.jejunicansurvive2-4weeksundermoist,reduced-oxygenconditionsat4°C,oftenoutlastingtheshelflifeoftheproduct(exceptinrawmilkproducts).Theycanalsosurvive2-5monthsat-20°C,butonlyafewdaysatroomtemperature(5,8-11,20).Environmentalstresses,suchasexposuretoair,drying,lowpH,heating,freezing,andprolongedstorage,damagecellsandhinderrecoverytoagreaterdegreethanformostbacteria.Olderandstressedorganismsgraduallybeecoccoidalandincreasinglydifficulttoculture(5,20).Oxygenquenchingagentsinmediasuchasheminandcharcoalaswellasami
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croaerobicatmosphereandpreenrichmentcansignificantlyimproverecovery(2,14-16,21,25,28).
Campylobactersaremicroaerophilic,verysmall,curved,thin,Gram-negativerods(1.5-5μm),withcorkscrewmotility.Theyoftenjointoformzigzagshapes(20,24).Campylobacterspp.arecurrentlyidentifiedbytestsdescribedbyHarvey(13)andBarretetal.(3).PCRgenusandspeciesidentificationmethodshavebeenpublished(12,18,30).ForadditionalinformationcontactCarlosAbeyta,FDA,PRLNW,Bothell,WA98041-3012.Phonenumber:(425)483-4890.SAMPLEPREPARATIONFLOWCHARTFORVARIOUSFOODSANDWATER(S
ECTIONC.2.a-h)
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*forsamplesproducedorprocessed<10dayspreviously.
?forfrozensamplesorsamplesproducedorprocessed≥10dayspreviously.
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美国细菌学分析手册第八版弯曲菌.pdf
