1.英国全称：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
2.英国由四个部分组成，它们是:England ,Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland 3.英国历史上的三次外族入侵： 43AD the Roman Empire ，
the late 8th century Scandinavia created a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England ，
1066 Normans William took the English throne ,and became William the First 4.英国内战 时间：1640
双方： the Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell ,the royalists led by Charles 1 结果：the royalists armies were defeated and King Charles 1 was executed in 1649 5.“君权神授”的含义 ：“divine right of kings” means the sovereign derived his authority from God ,not from his subjects
6.英国政府的三个组成部分及其职责:
the Monarch :to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British states
the Parliament :to vote for taxation ;scrutinize government policy ,administration and expenditure ;debate the major issues of the day
the Cabinet :to carry out the functions of policy-making ,the coordination of government departments and the supreme control of government 7.英国的“大宪章”（ Magna Carta）由哪位君主在什么时候签署，其内容是什么 King John ,1215 ,placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power 8.英国的“权利法案”（the Bill of Rights ）被通过的时间 :1689 9.议会的组成及其成员： the queens
the House of Lords :the Lords Spiritual who are the Archbishops and the most important bishops of the church of England ,and the Lords Temporal which refers to those lords who either have inherited from their forefathers or they have been appointed
the House of Commons :about 650 MPs (members of Parliament ) elected by the people to represent them
10.内阁元首：prime minister
11.英国大选多长时间举行一次，选出了什么，其目的是什么
every 5 years ,to elect about 650 members of Parliament ,to provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders 12.英国的两个主要政党：the Conservative party ,the Labour party 13.英国社会的两个主要阶层，如何划分这两个阶层 middle class ,working class
based on economy and education
14.自1979之后英国历任首相及其任职时间： Marganet Thatcher 1979~1990 Conservative John Major 1990~1997 Conservative Tony Blair 1997~2007 Labour
Gordon Brown 2007 ~至今 Labour
15.工业革命之父是谁，及其发明是什么 James Walt ,steam engine
16 .工业革命开始的标志:
Jennifer’s hand-spinning machine 17.英国教育的三个阶段及两个分枝
primary education (5—11 years old ),secondary education (11-plus examination ,namely ,grammer school and comprehensive school ) ,higher education state school and private school
18.英国最古老的报纸：the Observer (the world’s oldest national newspaper),the Times(British oldest daily newspaper)
19.报纸的两大分类：the quality papers ,tabloid
20.英国最大的广播公司：the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 21.Christmas 和Easter的意义：
Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ .It is the biggest and most loved British holiday. Easter commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is the most important Christian festival . 22,英国文学：
early writing :Geoffrey Chaucer ,《The Canterbury Tales》
Elizabethan Drama：William Shakespeare, 《Romeo and Juliet》，《Hamlet》，《Othello》，《King Lear》，《Macbeth》
the 17th century :John Milton,《Paradise Lost》，《Paradise Regained》，《Samson Agonistes》 the 18th century :Jonathan Swift ,《Gulliver’s Travels》 Daniel Defoe ,《Robinson Crusoe》 the 19th century :Jane Austen ,《Sense and Sensibility》，《Pride and Prejudice》，《Emma》 Bronte sisters,——Charlotte Bronte ,《Jane Eyre》
Emily Bronte ,《Wuthering Heights》 Ann Bronte
Charles Dickens,《Oliver Twist》,《David Copperfield》,《Great Expectation》
英美概况(英国)
