理论篇：基本概念、外交起源与发展 一. What is diplomacy?
Diplomacy is the exercise of independent states to manage external affairs through official activities; an important peaceful means by the nation’s representatives to protect its interests and implement its foreign policy; the science , art and skill of peaceful management of state relations. (The core of diplomacy is concerning to the idea of communication, It is the necessity of rational relations among states. The foundation of diplomacy is the international principles , conventions and regulations that is universally accepted.)
二. 5 functions served by diplomacy
⑴Representation; Communication; Negotiation; Observation; Protection ⑵New functions in the changing world:
①Expanding the public relations in foreign countries ②Promoting the national image by the Marketing ways
③Participating multilateral diplomacy, learn to deal with international controversial issues and provide international public goods
④Embassies must serve the broadening needs of their fellow citizens traveling /working/living abroad
三. what’s features of the definition of “narrow-sense”
diplomacy ?
“narrow-sense” diplomacy overweight the business of management of the foreign relations between states;
Implementing foreign policy; skills of the conduct of foreign behavior.
四.外交如何走向规范化？
The four development stages of diplomacy 1、the bud stage
in ancient times, there are lots of diplomatic activities in ancient China, India, Greece and Roman.
2、Preliminary stage of development—in the middle ages AC.1455 The duke of milan sent envoys to Genoa in the Italian Peninsula that is be seen as the beginning of modern form of diplomacy. The beginning of Resident envoys system 3、Regularization stage
①.1648, “Westphalia Contract ”----affirming the resident diplomat system by treaty
②.1815,”Vienna Meeting”---Diplomatic personnel rank in the articles of association
③.1961, “Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations”
五、冷战后外交新变化 New diplomacy stage—after Cold War What’s the characteristic of the new diplomacy in the era of Globalization and multilateralism?
1. More players in diplomacy-----
1) more international organizations (including NGOs/MNCs) 2) more other government departments
3) more individuals who are not foreign service officers (heads of states/track two diplomats/general public ) 2. More contents of diplomacy-----
the economy/technology/environmental protection/human rights/ money laundering/refugee dumping…… 3. More diplomatic methods-----
Typical diplomatic methods: bilateral diplomacy/professional diplomatic representatives/
New methods: summit diplomacy /multilateral diplomacy/public diplomacy/internet diplomacy…… 4. old or new? Change or unchanged?
unchanged: typical resident representatives---still important unchanged: purpose of diplomacy
制度篇：外交准则、外交规则与惯例、外交机构
一、Universally-Accepted fundamental Norms Governing Today’s diplomacy国际公认的当代外交基本准则 1. Sovereign equality 主权平等
2. Peaceful settlement of international disputes and non-use of force 和平解决国际争端，互不使用武力
? The contents in the General Treaty for the Renunciation of War (1928)
? The contents in the UN Charter
? “The parties to any dispute the continuance of which is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security , shall, first of all, seek a solution by negotiation, enquiry, mediation, conciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement, resort to regional agencies of arrangements , or other peaceful means of their own choice.”
3. Non-interference in internal affairs of any state 不干涉任何国家的内政
? what’s the principles of Chinese diplomacy? The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence 1. mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity 2. mutual non-aggression
3. non-interference in each other’s internal affairs 4. equality and mutual benefit
5. peaceful coexistence
二、外交规则与惯例Diplomatic regulations and conventions 1.外交承认 含义、方式P235、238 2.外交关系的建立 P240
3.外交代表机关的建立和馆长的就任P244 4.外交团和外交团团长（diplomatic corps）P268
5.外交特权与豁免 diplomatic privileges and immunities P334 6. order of precedence in diplomatic practice P326 三、外交机构Modern diplomatic institutions 1.The ministry of foreign affairs
? Functions of the ministry of foreign affairs 1) Representative as a whole 2)Connection
between
diplomatic
decision-making
departments and resident institutions
3)Policy recommendation and implementation 2.The embassy 大使馆P251
? The course of establishing an embassy
what’s the work of the charge d’ affaires ad interim?
what’s the difference between charge d’ affaires and charge d’ affaires ad interim?
? The appointment of an ambassador
外交学概论复习资料
