英语中存在着大量由两个词构成的动词短语。让许多同学感到困惑的是,为什么有的是动副短语,有的却是动介短语?区分它们到底有什么规律可循?下面就如何区分动介短语和动副短语,以及在使用上有哪些要求做一总结。
一， 动介短语从构成短语的动词的角度来考虑。实意动词分为及物动词和不及物动词,其中不及物动词是不可以直接跟宾语的,如果必须跟宾语时,就需要在这个动词后加一介词,构成动介短语,此时,该短语相当于一个及物动词,后面必须加宾语(由名词、代词或动名词充当),且该宾语不能放在动介短语的中间。例如,
May I come into this room?我可以进到这间屋子里来吗?come into是动介短语,宾语this room不能省略。Look at my eyes,tell me who you are waiting for?看着我的眼睛,告诉我你在等着谁?
初中阶段的动介短语有:
1. agree on, 同意双方制定的协议条款,合同
.I can't agree on your plan
They have agreed on the terms of surrender。 I agree on what you have said
They agreed on the contract and signed their names. 2. .agree with sb. 同意某人的观点
I agree with you on this point I don't agree with you on many things Do you agree with me
3. .agree to sb. 同意对方开出的条件
He didn't get the job because he didn't agree to the working conditions here. We all agreed to their arrangement.
He agreed to help the people who are in need of help I agree you to go out for supper
4. .believe in 相信有……;信奉
We believe in him, who is always true to his word I don't believe in ghosts, do you?
I don't believe in future life.我不相信有来生 5. belong to 属于
It has belonged to our family for a long time It must belong to Carla
The toy car belongs to Jane’s little brother 6. fall off 跌落
One slip and you could fall off the building脚下一滑就可能从建筑物上跌下去 When you are learning to ride a bicycle, you often fall off. Leaves fall off the trees in the autumn. 7. .feed on 以……为食
Birds feed on nuts and berries in the winter.
All animals including men feed on plants or other animals. Birds feed on worms and grains. 8. .get to=reach 到达
I'm going to be surfing bigger waves when I get to Australia! We'll give him a call when we get to Hongqing Street. I like to get to airports in good time 9. .go by 走过
Oh, we will watch the clouds go by.
As time goes by, we become better and better. 10. .go on 继续
I don't want to leave, but I can't go on. Unemployment will go on rising for some time yet I'm all right here. Go on with your work
11. .hear of 听说
I didn't hear of the news. I heard of his death last week.
We don't know the singer, but we have heard of her. 12. .hear from 接到……某人的来信、电话等
Drop us a line, it's always great to hear from you. I hear from my mother every month. I'm so glad to hear from you. 13. .hold up 举起
Women hold up half of heaven Hold up your right hand
Don't worry. The house will hold up 14. .look up 查找
Many people have to look up the meaning of this word in the dictionary. to look up a number in the telephone directory Look up the trains to Beijing in the timetable. 15. .look for 寻找
The child knelt down to look for a coin he had dropped They look for foods that are low in calories
Jane craned her neck to look for her mother in the crowd 16. .look after 照看
Males make the nest and look after the eggs She is too busy to look after her child.
You needn't bother about coming up, I'll look after him. 17. .look like 看上去像……
What did she look like?
You look like a nice upstanding young man. How can I love myself when I look like this?
18. .laugh at 嘲笑
Please don't laugh at me if I can't do it well. Try to laugh at it instead of getting uptight The daring climbers laugh at danger. 19. .talk to 对……说
You needn't talk to anyone if you don't want to Either you can talk to him, or I will. She would like to talk to people one to one. 20. talk with 和……交谈
I'll need to talk with you, but there's no hurry. I want to have a serious talk with you
When she came in, Bob broke off his talk with Jane 21. .think of 想起
I can't think of a worse way to spend my time. It makes me think of my lost mother.
The police, or whoever, would not think of looking for him here. 22. .think about,考虑
Give me a few hours to think about it.
I do think about having children, maybe when I'm 40.
There were always things to think about when she went walking
二， 动副短语中的动词有的是及物动词,因此,后接宾语时不需要加介词,加上副词后,该副词可以进一步说明动作的结果,从而,使得句意表达得更加准确。这些动副短语必须接宾语,但对其位置有一定的限制,如果宾语是名词,既可以放在短语的中间,又可以放在短语的后面;如果宾语是代词,就只能放在两词的中间了。例如，
You'd better pick the students up before7:00.你最好在7点前把这些学生接上车。
Can you pick me up at 7:00?你能在7点时接我吗?人称代词me做宾语要放在pick和up中间。如果动副短语中的动词是不及物动词时,则该短语不可以加宾语。例如,May I come in?我可以进来吗?come是不及物动词,所以,come in后无宾语。
初中阶段的动副短语主要有:
1.bring out 取出
Please bring out your book
He has the ability to bring out the best in others. It's warm enough to bring out the garden chairs
2.cut down 砍倒
A vandal with a chainsaw cut down a tree.
The remaining block of woodland is cut down to ground level. He cut down the tree and cut it up for firewood
3.clean up 清扫,收拾干净
And while I'm out you might clean up the kitchen. Mama made him clean up the plate.
The students took turns to clean up their classroom.
4.climb down/up 爬下/上
He said he would climb down and help them. The climb down was even harder than the climb up Climb down the tree at once
You have to shift down when you climb up steep hills If I climb up a tree, I can see farther
5.come back/go back 回来/回去 \
The lady pleaded with her daughter to come back home Let's all go back to my place!
They would go back to their tribal lands
动介__动副短语
