人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionB教材全解
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
Unit 3 Section B教材全解
1.bus stop 公共汽车站
【重点注释】stop,此处用作名词,意为“车站;站点”。例如:at a/the bus stop在公共汽车站。stop一般指的是小站,停车点,如路边的停车站点;station指的是总站,大型的车站,at a bus/train/subway station。例如:They wait for Jim at the bus stop.他们在公共汽车站等吉姆。Where si the bus station?公共汽车站在哪儿? 【辨析记忆】bus stop与bus station bus stop与bus station都是指“公共汽产站”。 bus stop指城镇内外的停车点,而bus station指能听、转车辆的汽车站点。 【拓展记忆】stop用作动词,意为“停止”。常用结构: stop to do sth. stop doing sth. 停止或中断(原来)做(的)某事,再去做另一件事。停下来去做某事。 停止(正在)做(的)某事。停止做某事。 例句:Let’s stop to have a rest.让我们停下来(原来干的事),(再去)休息一下吧。Stop talking,please.请停止(正在)说话(这个事)。They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来(原来干的事),(然后)抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了(我必须停止正在抽烟这个事)。
2.Mary wants to know where Bob lives.玛丽想知道鲍勃住在哪儿。 Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.
玛丽想知道他(鲍勃)认为这段旅程怎么样。
【重点注释】①Mary wants to know where Bob lives.玛丽想知道鲍勃住在哪儿。本句含有一个由连接词where引导的宾语从句。在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。例如:Please tell me who knows the answer.请告诉我谁知道答案。Do you know which class he is in?你知道他在哪个班级吗?I don’t know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。【试题链接】I don’t know .
A.where she comes from Bhow old is he C.when was he born
(宾语从句要用陈述语序,选项B、C都是疑问语序。根据句意“我不知道他来自哪里。”可知答案为A。)
②Mary wants to know what he thinks of the trip.玛丽想知道他(鲍勃)认为这段旅程怎么样。这是一个含有what引导的宾语从句的主从复合句,主句的主语是Mary,谓语动词时wants to know,宾语时一个特殊疑问句,原句应为“What does he think of the trip?”,但在宾语从句中,从句的语序要用陈述语序,其中疑问词仍在句首,位置不变;另外,宾语从句的时态与主句的时态要一致。例如:I know where you live.我知道你住在哪儿。Thomas wants to know how she gets to school.托马斯想知道她该怎样到学校。Do you know what he weather is like today?你知道今天的天气怎样吗?
③think of意为“认为,想出,想到,考虑”,of 是介词,其后可接名词、代词
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或V.ing形式,think of/about doing sth.意为“考虑干某事”,在表示“认为……怎么样?”时,可以与think about互换。例如:——What do you think of /about how she gets to school?你认为这次学校郊游怎么样? ——It’s great.非常好。 【比较记忆】(1)think of与think about这两个短语表示下列意义时,可以互换:①考虑 eg: Don't think of/about me any more.不要再考虑我. ②对……有某种看法 eg: What do you think of/ about the film 你认为那部影片怎么样?(2)think of表示下列意义时,一般不和think about换用. ①想要;打算 eg: For a moment I thought of playing truant.我一时起了逃学的念头. ②想出;想到 eg: Who thought of the idea 谁想出的那个主意 ③关心;想看 eg: Lei Feng always thought of how he could do more for the people. 雷锋总是想着怎样多为人民做些事情. ④想起;说得 eg: I can't think of his name.我想不起他的名字. (3)think about表示下列意义时一般不和think of换用. ①\回想\过去的事情. eg: We mustn't think about this matter any more.我们不许再想此事. ②\考虑\某事,某计划是否切实可行. eg: I'll think about your suggestion and give you an answer tomorrow. 我要考虑一下你的建议,明天给你答复.
【拓展记忆】What do you think of the school trip?你认为这次学校郊游怎么样?What do you think of…?意为“你认为/觉得……怎么样?”,可与How do you like…?进行转换,这是用来询问某人对某事或某人的看法的常用句型。例如:What do you think of/about action movies.=How do you like action movies.你认为动作片怎么样?
课本1c的另外三句话:主句是?宾语从句是?宾语从句的连接词是?语序是? Mary wants to know how far he lives from his grandparents’home.
玛丽想知道他住的地方离他祖父母家有多远。
Mary wants to know how he gets to his grandparents’home.
玛丽想知道他是怎样到他祖父母家的。 Mary wants to know how long it takes to get to his grandparents’home
玛丽想知道到他祖父母家需要多长时间。 【归纳记忆】宾语从句要记住三个要素:①选用合适的连接词;②宾语从句用陈述句语序;③一般主从句时态一致。
3.Crossing the River to School.过河去上学。
【重点注释】①cross作动词,意为“横越;越过;穿过”,主要表示在物体表面上“横穿”,如横过马路(cross the road)、过桥(cross the bridge)、过河(cross the river)等。此处加上ing变成了动名词。例如:The little boy can’t cross the street by himself.这个小男孩不能独自过马路。Be carefull when you cross the street.过马路时要小心。They crossed the river by boat.他们乘舟渡河。②cross作名词,意为“十字形,叉形记号”。例如:The teacher marked the question with a cross.老师在这个问题上打了一个叉。
【比较记忆】cross,across与crossing 穿过 Let’s cross the road now.现在咱们过马路吧。 sross 动词 穿过 They live just across the road.他们就住在马路对面 across 介词,副词 在……对面,十字路口 Turn left at the first crossing.第一个十字路口左拐 crossing 名词 注意:across是介词,有“横跨,横穿,穿越”之意。across与go/walk等动词连用表示“穿过,越过,横穿”的意思,go/walk/run/swim across…=cross(v.)…。与cross基本同义,也是表示从物体表面经过。例如:The Great Green Wall is across
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the northwest of China.绿色长城横跨中国西北。We can go across the freeze river. 我们可以横过这冻结了的大河。I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago. 20年前我横渡了长江。Look left and right before you go across the street. 过马路时要左右看。
【辨析记忆】across与through的区别:都是介词,在句中不能独立作谓语,必须和动词一起构成谓语。 across “横过,穿过“,着重指从一条线或一物体表面的一边到另一边,含义与on有关。,着重指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头,含义与in有关。 through “穿过,从……中通过”辨析:across指从某一物体表面的一边到另一边,为“横穿”,与“道路”交叉形成“十字”。 go/walk/run/swim across…=cross(v.)…。而through指从某一物体的中间穿过,为在立体空间中的“穿过”。常用于穿过沙漠、森林、门窗、村庄等,如:go through the forest“穿过森林” (从森林中间通过),go through the tunnel“穿过隧道”(从隧道中间通过)go across the street “穿过大街” (从马路一边到另一边)
4.For many students,it is easy to get to school.对许多学生来说,到达学校是容易的。But for the students in one small village in China,it is difficult.但是对于在中国的一个小村庄里的学生来说,是困难的。
【重点注释】①for介词,在此意为“对……而言”。例如:It is difficult for me to finish my homework.对我来说,完成作业太难了。It’s time for me to get up.我该起床了。
②many形容词,意为“许多”,后跟可数名词复数形式。例如:I have many books.我有许多书。There are many students in the classroom.教室里有很多学生。
【拓展记忆】①“many a +可数名词单数”谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。例如:Many a worker often comest to our school.许多工人经常来我们学校。②much也表示“许多”,但它修饰不可数名词。例如:There is much water in the glass.玻璃杯里有许多水。③many/much=lots of/a lot of.例如:He has many/a lot of/lots of beaubiful stamps.他有许多美丽的邮票。There is much/a lot of/lots of water here.这里有许多水。
③课本原句For many students,it is easy to get to school.=It is easy for many students to get to school.对许多学生来说,到达学校是容易的。课本原句But for the students in one small village in China,it is difficult.= But for the students in one small village in China,it is difficult to get to school.= But it is difficult for the students in one small village in China to get to school. 但是对于在中国的一个小村庄里的学生来说,(到达学校)是困难的。 It is +形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth.句型意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……。”其中,代词it是形式主语,没有实际意义;动词不定式to do sth.是真正的主语。动词不定式或动词不定式短语作主语时,可直接放在句首。在英语中,当动词不定式短语较长时,为了避免头重脚轻,常把动词不定式短语作主语的情况放在后面,用it作形式主语。例如:To learn English well is not hard.学好英语不是很难。It is easy to ride a bike.骑自行车是容易的。It’s better to stay at home.呆在家里更好。It’s easy for him to do the exercise.他做这个练习很容易。 5.There is a very big river between their school and the village.在他们的学校和村庄之间有一条很大的河。
【重点注释】between介词,意为“在……之间;介于……之间”,指在两者(注意理解“两者”的含义)之间。在英语句子中,between可以单独用,也可以和
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and构成“between…and…”,意为“在……和……(两者)之间”。例如:It’s a secret between the sisters.这是姐妹间的秘密。Three is a window between the walls.墙之间有一个窗户。He sits between Tom and Jack.他坐在汤姆和杰克之间。I’ll phone you between lunch and three o’clock.我将在午餐后三点钟以前给你打电话。
【辨析记忆】between与 among 用于“两者之间”,表示双方之间的关系。只要构成双方关系,不论对方的数目between 是多少,均用between。其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词,或者是由and连接的两个人或物。“between…and…”,意为“在……和……(两者)之间”。 among 用于指三者或三者以上的人或物的“中间”,其宾语通常是一个表示笼统数量或具有复数意义的名词或代词,也可以是集合名词。 例句:There was a fight between the two boys.这两个孩子打过一次架。I’m usually free between Tuseday ande Thursday.我通常在周二与周四之间有空。Remember this is a secret between you and me.记住这是你我之间的秘密。They will arrive here between 5 o’clock and 8 o’clock.他们将在5点和8点之间到达这儿。Switzerland lies between France,Germany,Austria and Italy.瑞士位于法国、德国、奥地利和意大利之间。(注意:当两个以上的人或物用and连接时可用between。例如:between A,B and C在A、B和C之间。)They hid themselves among the trees.他们躲在树林中。He is the oldest among all the people.在所有人中间,他年龄最大。
【试题链接】The workers will build a new railroad_ __ the two cities.
A. since B. between C.as D.during.
(since“自从”;between“在两者之间”;as“作为”;during“在……期间”。由句意“工人们将会在这两座城市之间修建一条新铁路”可知,此处用between。故选B.)
6.There is no bridge and the river runs too quickly for boats.没有桥,对小船来说,河水太湍急不能摆渡。[(河上)完全没有桥,而且河水湍急,不适宜小船摆渡。]
【重点注释】①no此处作形容词来修饰名词,意为“没有”,既可以修饰可数名词(单、复数),也可以修饰不可数名词。修饰单数可数名词时,no相当于not a(an);修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时,no相当于not any。例如:There is no bridge here.= There is not a bridge here.这儿没有桥。I have no brothers.= I don’t have any brothers.我没有兄弟。He has no children.=He doesn’t have any children.他没有孩子。There is no water in the bottle.=There is not any water in the bottle.瓶子里没有水。
【拓展记忆】①修饰名词时,no不能与冠词、指示代词、物主代词以及some,any,much,evrey等不定代词连用,但可与不定代词other连用。例如:他没有钱。He has no any (his,the,a)money.[误] He has no money.[正] He has not any money.[正] He doesn’t have any money.[正] ②no表示“禁止”或“不许”等意思,其后接动名词(v.ing)。例如:No parking!不准停车!No smoking!禁止吸烟!
②run动词,此处意为“(液体)流动,流淌;流,淌”。例如:Rivers run into the sea.河水流入大海。Tears were running down her cheeks.泪水滑过她的脸庞。Wash the rice in cold water until the water runs clear. 用凉水冲洗大米,直到水变清为止。 ③boat可数名词,意为“小船”。例如:He goes to school by boat.他乘船去上学。
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常用短语:by boat乘船;be in the same boat同舟共济;miss the boat坐失良机; 【辨析记忆】boat与ship:boat比ship(大船)小,但口语中常与ship同义。 boat ship “小船”,指靠人力工作的,一般体积较小。 We crossed the river in a boat.我们乘一条小船过了河。 “轮船”,指非人力的,如蒸汽,核动力等。(aircraft carrier航空母舰) They crossed the Pacific by ship.他们乘船横渡太平洋。 【拓展记忆】boat作不及物动词,意思是“乘船;划船;荡浆;乘船游玩”。常用短语go boating“去划船”。例如:We’ll go boating on the lake on Saturday.我们周六到湖上去划船。I like to go boating with my friends on weekends.周末我喜欢和我的朋友们一起去划船。
④quickly副词,在本句中修饰动词run,意为“河水流淌很快;湍流太急”。副词修饰动词,常置于动词之后。例如:The boy is running to his mother.very quickly.这个男孩正飞快地跑向他母亲。She plays the violin very well。她拉小提琴很好。 ⑤课本原句“…the river runs too quickly for boats.”=“…the river runs too quickly for boats to cross it.”意为“河水太急了,小船不能摆渡。”该句中短语“too…to…”意为“太……而不能……”。too(太)后跟形容词或副词,to(该结构中,to本身含有“不”和“能”两层意思,即包含着“不能”之意)后跟动词原形。如果句子的主语,不是某人,而是某物,一般要在to前加上for sb.意为“对……来说”,以使句子表达完整。例如:The boy is too young to go to school.这个男孩太小了,不能去上学。She gets up too late to get to school on time.她起床太晚了,而不能准时到校。The chair is too small for the fat man to sit on it.这把椅子太小了,这个胖子不能坐。The fire is too dangerous for children to play with it.火太危险,小孩不能玩。
7.So these students go on a ropeway to corss the river to school.所以这些学生靠滑铁索来过河上学。
【重点注释】①ropeway可数名词,意为“索道”,铁索是一种渡河用的交通方式。在偏远上去,人们由于各种原因没能建筑桥梁,便在山谷中水流湍急的河流两端拉起铁索,依靠滑铁索过河。go on a ropeway意为“乘/坐索道,滑铁索”。类似用法:go on a ride乘/坐车出游;go on a trip正在旅行(go for a trip要去旅行);go on a trip去进行一次旅游(have / take a trip)。例如:They usually go on a ropeway to play.他们通常坐索道玩。
②课本原句So these students go on a ropeway to corss the river to school.= So these students go on a ropeway to corss the river to get/go to school.所以这些学生靠滑铁索来过河上学。to cross the river为动词不定式短语,作目的状语。课本原句中“go on a ropeway(乘/坐索道,滑铁索)”的目的是为了“to cross the river(过河)”,而过河的目的是为了“to get/go to school上学”。例如:She went to the bookstore to buy a bool.她去了书店买书。I’ll go to the shop to buy a pen to do my homework.我要去商店买支钢笔做作业。
【试题链接】——Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?
—— abroad for further study. A.Go B.Gone C.To go D.Goes
(句意:“琳琳为什么练习说英语?”“是为了到国外进一步学习。”疑问词why“为什么”用于提问原因,动词不定式结构可用来表示目的,回答原因,故选C) 8.One 11-year-old boy,Liangliang,corsses the river every school day.亮亮,一个11
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(word完整版)人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit3SectionB教材全解
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