英语句子成分与基本句型
Step 1句子成分
英语中的句子成分划分为 种：
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语
1.主语：执行句子行为或动作的主体。
(写出做主语的词性）
The sun rises in the east._________________________ He likes dancing. Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
2. 谓语：是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”或“怎么样”，谓语动词的位置一般在 之后。 （写出做谓语的词性）
We study English. __________________________ He likes playing the games._______________________
3.宾语：动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。英语的 动词后必须跟宾语。英语的介词后边也要有宾语。宾语有 和 之分，即指人的 和指物的 ，这俩个宾语统称为双宾语。
I like China. ________ He hates you. ________
How many do you need? We need two._______ We should help the old and the poor. _______ I enjoy working with you. ______ I hope to see you again. _________ Did you write down what he said? ____________
Are you afraid of the snake? __________ Under the snow, there are many rocks._________
He gave me a book yesterday. ________________ Give the poor man some money._________________
4.定语：对名词或代词起修饰或限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“....的”表示。定语主要由 充当。定语分为： 和 。 （写出做定语的词性）
Ai Yan ling is a chemistry teacher.__________ He is our friend. ________________
We belong to the third world. ________________ He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.______ The man over there is my old friend. __________________
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.___________________ The boys playing football are in Class 2. __________
The trees planted last year are growing well now. I have an idea to do it well. _______________
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达闻中小学生课外辅导中心学员辅导资料
You should do everything that I do. ________________
2. 状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语的位置一般在 ，但也可放在句首或句中。
1）副词做状语：
The boy needs a pen very much（程度状语）
The boy really needs a pen. 男孩真的需要一支钢笔。 （程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now. Now the boy needs a pen.=The boy, now , needs a pen. 男孩现在需要一支钢笔。
2）介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语） Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
3）分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语） Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
4）不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商很有兴趣.
5）名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
6）状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句 .
（挑出下列句中的状语）
① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
5.表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，常位于连系动词（be, become, appear等）之后。 （写出做表语的词性）
He is a teacher. Five and five is ten. He is asleep. His father is in.
The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost. To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. The question is whether they will come.
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达闻中小学生课外辅导中心学员辅导资料
（常见的系动词有: be /feel / sound /look / taste/ smell/ keep, stay ,remain / get, become, turn / feel It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
（挑出下列句中的表语）
① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim?
③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
6.补语：补语常见的有主语补足语和宾语补足语，但考试中主要涉及宾语补足语。宾语补足语通常紧跟 之后，对 进行补充。
（写出做宾补的词性）
We elected him monitor. ________________ We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. _________ We will make them happy. ____________________ We found nobody in. ____________
Please make yourself at home. __________ Don’t let him do that. ___________________ His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. ______________
Don’t keep the lights burning. _____________ I’ll have my bike repaired. _______________________ 练习
分析以下句子的句子成分.
1.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.
2.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.
3. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
4. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
5. The job of the man over there is to train swimmers.
6. He wrote some letters to his friends carefully.
7. The trees planted last year are growing well now.
8. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
9. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
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高考英语语法之英语句子成分和基本句型
