76 Computer-Aided Translation Technology
It is very important to note that corpus analysis tools do not interpret the data - it is still the responsibility of the translator to analyze the information found in the corpus.
需要重点注意的是，语料库分析工具不解释数据——分析语料库中的信息仍是译者的责任。
FURTHER READING
Engwall (1994), Bowker (1996), Meyer and Mackintosh (1996),
Pearson (1998). Austermuhl (2001), and Bowker and Pearson (2002)discuss issues relating to corpus design and compilation.
Barnbrook (1996), Kennedy (1998), McEnery and Wilson (1996), and Bowker and Pearson (2002) provide good introductions to corpus linguistics tools and techniques.
Bowker (1998, 2000), Lindquist (1999), and Bowker and Pearson (2002) investigate how corpora can be exploited as translation resources.
L'Homme (1999a, chapter 6) and Bowker and Pearson (2002) explain how monolingual and bilingual concordancers work and explore how they can be useful to translators.
Pearson (1996) and Zanettin (1998) explore how corpus analysis tools can be integrated into the translation classroom.
Garside, Leech, and McEnery (1997) provide information on various types of corpus annotation.
扩展阅读
英格沃尔(1994)，鲍克(1996)，梅耶和麦金托什(1996)，皮尔森(1998)，奥斯特穆勒(2001)，和鲍克和皮尔森(2002)讨论了与语料库设计和编译相关的问题。
巴恩布克(1996)，肯尼迪(1998)，麦克恩瑞和威尔逊(1996)，鲍克和皮尔森(2002)较好地介绍了语料库语言工具和技术。
鲍克(1998,2000)，林奎斯特(1999)，鲍克和皮尔森(2002)调查了如何将语料库作为翻译资源进行开发。
洛姆(1999a，第6章)和鲍克和皮尔森(2002)解释了单语和双语词语索引的工作机制并探索译者如何将它们作为有用工具进行使用的。
皮尔森(1996)和扎内廷(1998)探讨如何将语料库分析工具应用到翻译课堂中去。
加赛德，利奇，麦克恩瑞(1997)为各种类型语料库注释提供了信息。
4. Terminology-Management Systems
_ users who try to use standard spreadsheet, database, or word-processing programs to manage terminological data almost inevitably run into problems involving compromised data integrity due to inadequate modeling features, in addition to difficulties manipulating large volumes of data as resources grow over time.
Schmitz (2001, 539)
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4 术语管理系统
那些尝试使用标准表格、数据库、或文字处理项目来管理术语数据的用户几乎不可避免地会遇到一些问题，除了难以操作由随着时间的流逝而不断增多的资源产生的大量数据，还包括由于建模功能不足而破坏数据完整性的问题，。
施密茨(2001, 539)
A major part of any translation project is identifying equivalents for specialized terms. Subject fields such as computing, manufacturing, law, and medicine all have significant amounts of field-specific terminology. In addition, many clients will have preferred in-house terminology. Researching the specific terms needed to complete any given translation is a time-consuming task, and translators do not want to have to repeat all this work each time they begin a new translation. A terminology-management system (TMS) can help with various aspects of the translator's terminology-related tasks, including the storage, retrieval, and updating of term records. A TMS can help to ensure greater consistency in the use of terminology. which not only makes documentation easier to read and understand, but also prevents mis-communications. Effective terminology management can help to cut costs, improve linguistic quality, and reduce turnaround times for translation, which is very important in this age of intense time-to-market pressures.
任何翻译项目的主要部分都是识别专业术语的等价项。诸如计算、制造、法律和医学之类的学科领域都拥有大量的领域专业术语。此外，很多客户会优先选择内部术语。研究需要完成所有给定翻译的专业术语是一项非常耗时的任务，译员并不想每次开始新的翻译工作时都要重复这项工作。术语管理系统（TMS）可以帮助译员进行相关术语的各方面翻译工作，包括存储、检索和更新术语记录。术语管理系统（TMS）能够确保术语的使用更加一致，这不仅会使文档更易于阅读和理解，而且可以防止出现错误交流。有效的术语管理有助于降低成本，提高语言质量，减少翻译周转时间，在这个市场竞争激烈的时代中这些优势发挥着重要作用。
TMSs have been in existence for some time. Early efforts to use computers for terminology management began in the 1960s and eventually led to the development of several large-scale term banks, such as Eurodicautom. Termium, and the Banque de terminologie du Quebec (now known as the Grand dictionnaire terminologique), which were maintained on mainframe computers by large organizations. In the 1980s, when desktop computers became available, personal TMSs were among the first CAT tools commercially available to translators. Although they were very welcome at the time, these early TMSs had some limitations. They were designed to run on a single computer and could not easily be shared. They typically allowed only simple management of bilingual terminology and imposed considerable restrictions on the type and number of data fields as well as on the maximum amount of data that could be stored in these fields. Recently, however, this type of software has become more powerful and flexible, particularly in terms of storage and retrieval options.
术语管理系统已经存在了一段时间。利用电脑进行术语管理的前期努力始于20世纪60年代，最终开发了Eurodicautom、Termium、the Banque de terminologie
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du Quebec（现在被称为巨型词典术语）几个大型术语存储库，它们都是大型组织在主机上保存的存储库。20世纪80年代，当台式机进入人们的生活，个人的术语管理系统便成为了译者可从市场上买到的首批CAT工具中的一种。虽然当时很受欢大家迎，但这些早期的术语库管理系统仍具备一定的局限性。所设计的这些数据库管理系统只能在一台计算机上运行并不便于进行共享。他们通常只允许对双语术语进行简单管理并且极大限制了数据域的类型和数量以及可以存储在这些数据域中的最大数据信息量。然而，最近这种类型的软件功能变得更加强大和灵活，特别是在存储和检索选项方面。
4.1 Storage
The most fundamental function of a TMS is that it acts as a repository for consolidating and storing terminological information for use in future translation projects. Previously, many TMSs stored information in structured text files, mapping source-to-target terminology using a unidirectional one-to-one correspondence. This caused difficulties, for example, if a French-English term base needed to be used for an English-French translation. The newer, more sophisticated software stores the information using a relational model. This means that the information is stored in a more onomasiological or concept-based way, which permits mapping in multiple language directions.
4.1存储
术语库最基本的功能是作为存储库来巩固并存储术语信息，以备将来翻译项目之用。之前，许多术语管理系统将信息存储在结构化文本中，使用单向一一对应的方法进行源语和目标语之间的转化。这样，就产生了一些难题，比方说法英翻译需要用到的法语-英语术语库。较新、较复杂的软件采用关系模型来存储信息，也就意味着要通过一种更加偏向于以专名学或概念为基础的方法储存信息，允许进行多种语言之间的转化。
There is also increased flexibility in the type and amount of information that can be stored on a term record. Formerly, users were required to choose from a predefined set of fields (e.g., subject field, definition, context, source), which had to be filled in on each term record.
此外，这也使可储存在术语记录中的信息类型和信息数量更加灵活。以前,用户需要从一组预定义字段（比如主字段、定义、上下文、来源）中进行选择，并且这些字段必须来自每一条术语记录。
The number of fields was often fixed, as was the number of characters that could be stored in each field. For instance, if a TMS allowed for only one context, the user was forced to record only one context, even though it may have been useful to provide several. An example of a typical conventional record template is provided in figure 4.1. Term(En): Term(Fr) Subject field: Definition: Context: Synonyms: word文档 可自由复制编辑 Source: Comment: Administrative info(date,author,quality code,etc,):
计算机辅助翻译
