语言学概论期末复习题（2）
Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A, B, C or D. (20%)
“I can refer to Confucius even though was dead 2000 years ago.” This shows that language has the design feature of ___________. A. arbitrariness B. creativity C. Duality D. displacement
2. “ Don?t end a sentence with a preposition”. This is an example of __________
grammar.
A. prescriptive B. descriptive C. transformational D. functional
3. Using language for sheer joy of using it shows that language has a ____________ function.
A. metalingual B. recreational C. informative D. performative
4. ___________ is the smallest meaning unit in the lexical system of language A. word B. lexeme C. morpheme D. Stem 5. The “semantic triangle” was first proposed by _______. A. Plato and Aristotle B. Ogden and Richards C. Chomsky and Halle D. Leech and Palmer
6. Saussure believed that language is a system of signs. This sign is the union of a form and an idea, which Saussure called _______. A. langue and parole B. signifier and signified C. speech and writing D. system and function
7. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _____ approach to language study. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. prescriptive D. descriptive
8. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is . A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical D. cultural
9. Morphemes that represent “tense”, “number”, “gender”, “case” and so forth are called morphemes. A. inflectional B. bound C. free D. derivational
10. The English word “modernizers” is composed of morphemes. A. four B. three C. two D. five
11. “Unless I hear from her, I won?t leave this town” is a sentence. A. simple B. coordinate C. complex D. compound
12. In the following pairs of words, are a pair of complementary antonyms.
A. old and young B. male and female C. hot and cold D. buy and sell 13. The stimulus-response theory was proposed by .
A. Firth B. Halliday C. Bloomfield D. Chomsky
14. As far as the sentence “My bag is heavy” is concerned, linguists of pragmatics are
more interested in its ______ meaning. A. literal B. logical C. contextual D. grammatical
15. A speaker?s knowledge of the total set of rules, conventions, etc., governing the skilled use of language in a society is termed ______.
A. competence B. performance
C. communicative competence D. communicative strategy
16. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _____ and meanings. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 17. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _____. A. primary B. better C. secondary D. unchangeable 18. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness
19. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be ______.
A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic
20. The branch of linguistic study called _____ is concerned with how speakers use
the sentences of a language to achieve effective and successful communication. A. sociolinguistics B. pragmatics C. syntax D. computational linguistics
Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%)
1. Bound morphemes cannot occur “unattached”.( )
2. “He is easy to please” has the same deep structure as “he is eager to please”.( ) 3. According to Palmer, there are no real synonyms in a language.( ) 4. English is a tone language while Chinese is an intonation language. ( )
5. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations. ( )
6. The word “unacceptability” has four morphemes. ( )
7. The word ?lead? (领导) and the ?lead? (铅) homographs. ( ) 8. The word ?buy? and ?purchase? are dialectal synonyms. ( )
9. The limited range of sounds that are meaningful in human communication constitute the phonic medium of language. ( )
10. The task of a linguist is to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system. ( )
11. Phonetics studies human sound patterning and the meaning of sounds in communication. ( )
12. General linguistics deals with the general aspects of language application. ( ) 13. Modern linguistics aims at prescribing models for language users to follow. ( )
14. Synchronic linguistics deals with a series of language phenomena at the same time. ( )
15. Duality of language means language is a two-level system. ( )
16. Chomsky regards competence as an act of doing things with a sentence. ( )
17. Displacement of language means language use in a far-away place. ( ) 18. Parole is a French word; it means the concrete language events. ( ) 19. ?His friend is coming.? presupposes ?He has a friend. ( )
20. The five types of associative meaning was given by Ogden and Richard. ( )
III. Fill the blanks (10%)
1. C__________ refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language such as a sentence, noun phrase, or a verb.
2. A m__________ pair is such a pair of different forms as identical in every way except for one
sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings (as ?pill? and ?till?).
3. P____________ linguistics is a linguistic study which aims to lay down rules for
“correct and standard” behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say.
4. S_____________ linguistics is the description of a language at some point of time in history.
5. Antonyms include (a) gradable antonyms (old/young), (b) c____________ antonyms (alive/dead; male/female), (c) converse antonyms and (d) relational opposites.
6. Componential analysis is a way to analyze word meaning, or dissecting the meaning of a word into meaning c____________, called semantic features (such as ?man? analyzed as ?+HUMAN, + ADULT, + ANIMATE, +MALE?).
7. The c____________ theory of meaning is a view that relates words and things through the mediation of concepts of the mind.
8. The naming theory, proposed by the ancient Greek scholar P________, is one of the oldest notions concerning meaning
9. D____________ morphemes refer to morphemes (such as ?-ic? and ?-ism?) that can be
conjoined to other morphemes or words to derive a new word.
10. __________ morphemes are morphemes (such as ?boy? and ?play?) that can occur
independently and freely.
IV. Explain the following linguistic terms or notions in English. (20%) 1. semantic triangle
2. Immediate constituent analysis 3. syntax
4. applied linguistics 5. competence
V. Short Answers Questions. (30%)
1. What are the most widely used metaphors of language as far as you know? (clue: give as many as possible)
2. What have you learned from the course of linguistics in this semester? ( clue: you can say whatever, linguistic or non linguistic, you have learned from this course. But make sure your answer is clear and logic)
语言学概论期末复习题(2)
