Foreword 前言 By Rajat Gupta，ICC Cbairman 国际商会主席 Rajat Gupta The global economy has given business broader access 全球经济一体化使得商业通向世界各地市场的途径 than ever before to markets all over the world. Goods 空前宽广。各种各样的货物被销售到世界各地。然而，are sold in more countries，in large quantities, and in 随着全球贸易数额的增加和贸易复杂性的加强, 因贸greater variety. But as the volume and complexity of 易合同起草不恰当而带来的误解和高代价争端也可global sales increase, so do possibilities for 能随之增加。 misunderstandings and costly disputes when sale contracts are not adequately drafted. 国际贸易术语解释通则，国际商会规则在国内和国际The Incoterms? rules, the ICC rules on the use of domestic and international trade terms, facilitate the 贸易用语的使用促进了全球贸易的进行。在贸易合同 conduct of global trade. Reference to an Icoterms 2010 中引用国际贸易术语解释通则2010可明确界定各方 rule in a sale contract clearly defines the parties' 义务并降低法律纠纷产生的风险。 respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal complications. Since the creation of the Incoterms rules by ICC in 自从1936年国际商会制定出国际贸易术语解释通则1936, this globally accepted contractual standard has 之后，此项在全球范围内被采用的合同标准就经常性been regularly updated to keep pace with the 地更新换代，与国际贸易的发展步调一致。国际贸易 development of international trade. The Incoterms 2010 术语解释通则2010考虑了免税贸易区的不断增加，rules take account of the continued spread of 电子沟通在商务中的不断增多，以及被更加重视的货customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communications in business transactions, heightened 物运输中的安全和变化等问题。国际贸易术语解释通concern about security in the movement of goods and 则2010更新并加强了交货规则，将规则总量从13 consolidates in transport practices. Incoterms2010 条减少到了11条，并且使得所有规则的表述更加简 updates and consolidates the 'delivered' rules, reducing 洁明确。国际贸易术语解释通则2010同时也是第一the total number of rules from 13 to 11, and offers a 个使得所有在买卖双方中的适用保持中立的第一个simpler and clearer presentation of all the rules. 国际贸易术语解释版本。 Incoterms 2010 is also the first version of the Incoterms rules to make all references to buyers and sellers gender-neutral. 国际商会的商法和实践委员会成员来自世界各地和 The broad expertise of ICC's Commission on 多个贸易部门，该委员会广泛的专业技能确保了国际Commercial Law and Practice, whose membership is drawn from all parts of the world and all trade sectors, 贸易术语解释通则2010与各地的商贸需求相适应。 ensures that the Incoterms 2010 rules respond to business needs everywhere defines the parties' respective obligations and reduces the risk of legal complications. 国际商会向Fabio Bortolotti（意大利）的商法和实ICC would like to express its gratitude to the members 践委员会的成员表示谢意，向由Charles Debattistaof the Commission, chaired by Fabio Bortolotti (Italy), （副组长，英国），Christoph Martin Radtke （副 to the Drafting Group, which comprised Charles 组长，法国），Jens Bredow （德国），Johnny Herre Debattista(Co-Chair, France), Jens Bredow (Germany), （瑞典），David Lwee（英国），Lauri Railas （芬Johnny Herre(Sweden), David Lwee(UK), Lauri 兰），Frank Reynold（美国），Miroslav Subert （捷Railas(Finland), Frank Reynolds(US),and Miroslav Subert(Szech Republic), and to Asko Raty (Finland) for 克）组成的起草小组致谢，并且向对11条规则的表assistance with the images depicting the 11 rules. 述给予帮助的Asko Raty （芬兰）致谢。 INTRODUCTION 介绍 The Incoterms? rules explain a set of three-letter trade Incoterms?規則規定了一系列在貨物銷售商業合同 terms reflecting business-to-business practice in 實踐中使用的三字母系列貿易術語Incoterms?规则 contracts for the sale of goods. The Incoterms? rules 主要描述了货物从卖方到买方运输过程中涉及的责describe mainly the tasks, costs and risks involved in the 任，费用和风险的划分。 delivery of goods from sellers to buyers. 如何适用Incoterms?2010规则 How to use the Incoterms? 2010 rules 1. Incorporate the Incoterms? 2010 rules into your 1.把Incoterms?2010规则应用到销售合同中 contract of sale If you want the Incoterms? 2010 rules to apply to your 如果要使合同适用Incoterms规则2010，应在合同中contract, you should make this clear in the contract, 明确表明，例如：所選擇的Incoterms規則（含指定through such words as, “[the chosen Incoterms rule 地點）適用Incoerms?規則2010。 including the named place, followed by] Incoterms? 2010”. 2. 选择适宜的Incoterms规则 2. Choose the appropriate Incoterms rule The chosen Incoterms rule needs to be appropriate to the 所選的Incoterms规则需要与货物，采取的运输方式 goods, to the means of their transport, and above all to 相适宜，最重要的是合同双方是否意欲添加额外的义 whether the parties intend to put additional obligations, 务，例如将办理运输或保险的义务加于买方或卖方。for example such as the obligation to organize carriage 每个贸易术语的指导性解释中的信息对作出如此的or insurance, on the seller or on the buyer. The Guidance 决定非常有帮助。不论选用何种Incoterms规则，双Note to each Incoterms rule contains information that is 方应该意识到对合同的解释会受到使用的港口或地 particularly helpful when making this choice. Whichever Incoterms rule is chosen, the parties should be aware the 址惯例影响。 interpretation of their contract may well be influenced by customs particular to the port or place being used. 3. Specify your place or port as precisely as possible3.尽可能精准地描述你方地址或港口名称 The chosen Incoterms rule can work only if the parties 只有当事人双方选定特定的一个收货地或港口时，所name a place or port, and will work best if the parties 选术语才能发挥作用。地点或港口名称越精准，specify the place or port as precisely as possible. Inconterms规则越有效。以下精准描述就是一个很好A good example of such precision would be:： 的例子： “FCA 38 Cours Albert 1er, Paris, France Incoterms Incoterms 2010，FCA规则，法国，巴黎，38 Cours 2010”. Albert 1er 在Incoterms规则下： Under the Incoterms rule Ex Works(EXW), Free EXW 工厂交货（……指定地点） Carrier(FCA), Delivered at Terminal(DAT), Delivered FCA 货交承运人(……指定地点)” at Place(DAP), Delivered Duty Paid(DDP), Free DAT 终点站交货(……指定目的地) Alongside Ship(FAS), and Free on Board(FOB), the DAP 地点交货 (……指定目的地) named place is the place where delivery takes place and DDP 完税后交货(……指定目的地) where risk passes from the seller to the buyer. FAS 船边交货(……指定装运港) FOB 船上交货(……指定装运港) 此处所指地点为交货地点，同时风险也从卖方转移至 买方 Under the Incoterms rule Carriage Paid to (CPT), Carriage and Insurance Paid to(CIP), Cost and Freight(CFR) and Cost, Insurance and Freight(CIF), the named place differs from the place of delivery. Under Incoterms规则下 CPT 运费付至（……指定目的地） CIP 运费、保险费付至(…指定目的地) CFR 成本加运费(……指定目的港) these four Incoterms rules, the named place is the place CIF 成本、保险费 加运费(指定目的港) of destination to which carriage is paid. 所指地点随交货地不同而不同。在这些Incoterms规 Indications as to place or destination can helpfully be 则下，所指地点为运费付至地。 further specified by stating a precise point in that place 为了避免疑问和争议，指定地点或目的地可以进一步or destination in order to avoid doubt or argument. 阐述为一个精确的地点。 4. Remember that Incoterms rules do not give you a 4..谨记Incoterms规则并没有给当事人提供一份完 complete contract of sale 整的销售合同 Incoterms rules do say which party to the sale contract Incoterm规则确有阐述销售合同中当事人的特定义 has the obligation to make carriage or insurance 务，当卖方将货物运至买方时，办理运输和保险义务 arrangements, when the seller delivers the goods to the 的承担。 buyer, and which costs each party is responsible for. 然而，Incoterms并没有任何关于付款价格或付款方 Incoterms rules, however, say nothing about the price to 式的规定，或是货物所有权的转移，违约的后果等。 be paid or the method of its payment. Neither do they 这些问题通常是通过销售合同的明示条款和适用的 deal with the transfer of ownership of the goods, or the 法律条文来解决。当事人需要注意的是，当地强制适 consequences of a breach of contract. These matters are 用的法律有可能优先于销售合同的内容，包括所选择normally dealt with through express terms in the 的Incoterms规则。 contract of sale or in the law governing that contract. The parties should be aware that mandatory local law may override any aspect of the sale contract, including the chosen Incoterms rules. Incoterms?2010的主要特征 Main features of the Incoterm?2010 rules 1.两个新的贸易术语，即DAT和DAP 代替了原来1. Two new Incoterms rules — DAT and DAP— Incoterms2000的DAF,DES,DEQ和DDU术语。 have replaced the Incoterms 2000 rules DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU The number of Incoterms rules has been reduced 贸易术语的数量从原来的13个减少到11个。 from 13 to 11. This has been achieved by substituting Incoterms2010用两个可以不顾及已议定的运输模式 two rules that may be used irrespective of the agreed 的新术语——DAT，目的地交货和DAP，指定地交货— mode of transport — DAT, Delivered at Terminal, and —代替了Incoterms2000 中的DAF,DES,SEQ和DDUDAP, Delivered at Place — for the incoterms 2000 rules 术语。 DAF, DES, DEQ and DDU. Under both new rules, delivery occurs at a named destination: in DAT, at the buyer’s disposal unloaded from the arriving vehicle (as under the former DEQ rule); in DAP, likewise at the buyer’s disposal, but ready for unloading (as under the former DAF, DES and DDU rules). The new rules make the Incoterms 2000 rules DES and DEQ superfluous. The named terminal in DAT may well be in a port, and DAT can therefore safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DEQ once was. Likewise, the arriving “vehicle” under DAP may well be a ship and the named place of destination may well be a port: consequently, DAP can safely be used in cases where the Incoterms 2000 rule DES once was. These new rules, like their predecessors, are “delivered”, with the seller bearing all the costs (other than those related to import clearance, where applicable) and risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place of destination. 2. Classification of the 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules The 11 Incoterms? 2010 rules are presented in two distinct classes： RULES FOR ANY MODE OR MODES OF TRANSPOTR EXW EX WORKS FCA FREE CARRIER CPT CARRIAGE PAID TO CIP CARRIAGE AND INSURANCE PAID TO DAT DELIVERED AT TERMINAL DAP DELIVERED AT PLACE DDP DELIVERED DUTY PAID RULES FOR SEA AND INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT FAS FREE ALONGSIDE SHIP FOB FREE ON BOARD CFR COST AND FREIGHT CIF COST INSURANCE AND FREIGHT DAT和DAP术语都规定需在指定地点交货：在DAT情况下，从运输工具上卸下货物交由买方处置（这和先前的DEQ术语一样）；在DAP情况下同样交由买方处置，但需做好卸货的准备（这和先前的DAF, DES和DDU术语一样）。 新贸易术语的使用，使Incoterms2000中的DES和DEQ成为多余。DAT的目的地可以是港口，因此DAT可以用于在Incoterms2000下DEQ适用的情况。同样的，DAP中运达货物的交通工具可以是轮船，而目的地也可以是港口，因此DAP可以用于Incoterms2000下DES适用的情况。这两个新的术语，和先前的几个术语一样，是由卖方承担所有费用（除了与进口清算有关的费用）和货物到达目的地前的风险。 2. Incoterms?2010中11种贸易术语的分类 Incoterms?2010 11种贸易术语目前被分为两类： 适用于任何运输方式的术语： EXW 工厂交货 FCA 货交承运人 CPT 运费付至 CIP 运费及保险费付至 DAT 目的地交货 DAP 所在地交货 DDP 完税后交货 适用于海上和内陆水上运输的术语： FAS 船边交货 FOB 船上交货 CFR 成本加运费 CIF 成本、保险费加运费 The first class includes the seven Incoterms? 2010 rules that can be used irrespective of the mode of transport selected and irrespective of whether one or more than one mode of transport is employed. EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAT, DAP and DDP belong to this class. They can be used even when there is no maritime transport at all. It is important to remember, however, that these rules can be used in cases where a ship is used for part of the carriage. In the second class of Incoterms? 2010 rules, the point of delivery and the place to which the goods are carried to the buyer are both ports, hence the label “sea and inland waterway” rules. FAS, FOB, CFR and CIF belong to this class. Under the last three Incoterms rules, all mention of the ship’s rail as the point of delivery has been omitted in preference for the goods being delivered when they are “on board” the vessel. This more closely reflects modern commercial reality and avoids the rather dated image of the risk swinging to and fro across an imaginary perpendicular line. 3. Rules for domestic and international trade Incoterms rules have traditionally been used in international sale contracts where goods pass across national boarders. In various areas of the world, however, trade blocs, like the European Union, have made border formalities between different countries less significant. Consequently, the subtitle of the Incoterms? 2010 rules formally recognize that they are available for application to both international and domestic sale contracts. As a result, the Incoterms? 2010 rules clearly state in a number of places that the obligation to comply with export/import formalities exists only where applicable. 第一种分类中的七种贸易术语不用考虑所选用运输方式的种类。EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP和DDP都属于第一种分类。它们甚至可以运用于没有海上运输的情况下。谨记只要运输中一个部分运用过船只便可以适用此类术语。 在第二类术语中，交货点和把货物送达买方的地点都是港口，所以只适用于“海上或内陆水上运输”。FAS,FOB,CFR和CIF都属于这一类。最后的三个术语，删除了以越过船舷为交货标准而代之以将货物装运上船。这更准确的反应了现代商业现实，避了以往风险围绕船舷这条虚拟垂线来回摇摆。 3.国内贸易和国际贸易的规定 传统的Incoterms规则只在国际销售合同中运用，此种交易货物运输都需跨越国界。在世界许多地区，商业集团如欧盟使得不同国家间的过关手续不再重要。所以，Incoterms?2010正式认可所有的贸易规则既可以适用于国内交易也可以适用于国际交易。所以，Incoterms?2010 在一些地方明确规定，只有在适当的时候，才有义务遵从进口或者出口的手续。 两个新发展使得ICC相信向这个方向的改革是适宜的。首先，商人们普遍在国内贸易合同使用Incoterms2010规则。其次，比起先前提到的统一的商业规则中的运输和交付术语，在国内贸易中更多美国人愿意使用Incoterms2010中的术语。 Two developments have persuaded ICC that a movement in this direction is timely. Firstly, traders commonly use Incoterms rules for purely domestic sale contract. The second reason is the greater willingness in the Unites States to use Incoterm rules in domestic trade rather than the former Uniform Commercial Code shipment and delivery terms.
Incoterms+2010英文对照版 - 图文
