新剑桥商务英语高级习
题答案
Document number【SA80SAB-SAA9SYT-SAATC-SA6UT-SA18】
English for Business Studies
Key to Unit 01: The three sectors of the economy
This unit covers a lot of basic vocabulary concerning developed economies much of it in an extract from a well-known British novel. It also discusses the evolution of the economy of most of the older industrialized countries, with the decline of
manufacturing industry and its replacement by services. There is an extract from a magazine interview with an economist and an interview with a British Member of Parliament on this issue. 1a Vocabulary p09
Identify the most prominent features in this photograph, which illustrates various important elements of the infrastructure of a modern industrialized country.
The photo clearly shows a large factory (the Unilever factory in Warrington, England) in the center, with more factories, industrial units, or warehouses in the top right-hand corner. The large factory seems to include some office buildings. Also visible are agricultural land (in the background; the land in the foreground doesn’t appear to be cultivated), a river, a railway and several roads, and housing, perhaps with a school in the center of the housing estate top left.
1b Reading p10
What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?
The text suggests that most people take for granted the amazing complexity of the economic infrastructure.
1c Comprehension p11
lines 4-7, Robyn sees examples of all three. What are they?
Tiny fields (the primary sector), factories (the secondary sector), and railways, motorways, shops, offices, and schools (the tertiary sector).
long sentence from lines 12-28 lists a large number of
operations belonging to the different sectors of the economy. Classify the 18 activities from the passage Primary sector: digging iron ore, mining coal.
Secondary sector: assembling, building, cutting metal, laying cables, milling metal, smelting iron, welding metal.
Tertiary sector: advertising products, calculating prices, distributing added value, maintenance, marketing products, packaging products, pumping oil, transportation.
you think of three important activities to add to each list (not necessarily in relation to the kettle)?
Primary sector: farming (agriculture), fishing and forestry Secondary sector: manufacturing, transforming and processing Tertiary sector: financing, designing, retailing
2a Reading p12
do people worry about the decline of manufacturing? Because they think it will lead to unemployment.
activities are as important as the production of goods?
Designing goods, persuading people to buy them; arts and entertainment.
people worry about this state of affairs?
No, because it is a natural, progressive and inevitable development.
2b Listening p13
Listen to a short interview with Denis MacShane, a British Member of Parliament for the Labor Party.
Does he hold the same view as J. K. Galbraith?
Denis MacShane quite clearly disagrees with Galbraith. does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future?
Because there are many new products that have to be invented to serve new needs.
does MacShane think that manufacturing has a future in the advanced countries?
Because these countries have production technology that requires very little labor input.
, however, is this manufacturing unlikely to solve the problem of unemployment?
Precisely because it requires very little labor input.
does MacShane mean by ‘in theory there should be no more manufacturing’ in Switzerland? (It is this theory that makes many people argue that manufacturing must move to ‘less-developed’ countries.)
The conventional theory is that the most important cost in manufacturing is labor, and wages and salaries in Switzerland are the highest in the world. (As is the cost of living!)
does he say it is surprising for a British company to be buying Swiss goods?
Because the pound sterling has, over the years, lost a great deal of value against foreign currencies, especially the Swiss franc. is the reason he gives for the United States still being the richest nation in the world?
It has a successful manufacturing economy, including its computer and car (automobile) industries.
up the following expressions and definitions:
convert itself. B/ to change from one thing to another
serve needs D/ to satisfy people’s desires or requirements input A/ manual work
stumble on E/ to discover something by accident
be dubious C/ to be uncertain, disbelieving 2c Writing p13
Summarize both Gallbraith’s and MacShane’s arguments in a short paragraph of fewer then 50 words.
A POSSIBLE SUMMARY Galbraith says that manufacturing industry will inevitably decline in the advanced industrial countries, and be replaced by design, advertising, entertainment, and so on. MaShane says that manufacturing will change, and make new products with new technology. New words in this unit 01
agriculture, business, company, consumer, economic, economy, employment, goods, industry, infrastructure, labour, manufacturing, primary sector, product, raw materials, secondary sector, tertiary sector, unemployment
Unit 2 Management
Management is important. The success or failure of business
organizations, government institutions and public sector services, voluntary and non-profit organizations, sports teams, and so on, often depends on the quality of their management. This unit includes a discussion of the qualities required by managers, a definition of management, consideration of the role of the
meetings in management, a critical view of the management of one large American multinational company, and an interview with the manager of a British department store, who discusses his job. Before the discussion on the qualities required by managers and the definition of management, maybe we can discuss the cartoon. What’s the joke? We can assume that Mr. Farvis runs this company (his name is on the door). What can we say about his managerial skills, or his apparent lack of them?
Discuss in pairs for two minutes what exactly managers do,
concerning organizing, setting objectives, allocating tasks and resources, communicating, motivating, and so on. 1a Discussion
What is management? Is it an art or a science? An instinct or a set of skills and techniques that can be taught?
Management is a mixture of innate qualities and learnable skills and techniques.
What do you think makes a good manager? Which four of the following qualities do you think are the most important? Being decisive: able to make quick decisions
Being efficient: doing things quickly, not leaving tasks unfinished, having a tidy desk, and so on Being friendly and sociable
Being able to communicate with people ----- Being logical, rational and analytical
Being able to motivate and inspire and lead people ----- Being authoritative: able to give orders
Being competent: knowing one’s job perfectly, as well as the work of one’s subordinates ----- Being persuasive: able to convince people to do things Having good ideas -----
Are there any qualities that you think should be added to this list?
Which of these qualities can be acquired? Which must you be born with?
There are clearly no definitive answers as to which of these skills can be acquired.
1b Reading
Peter Drucker, the (Austrian-born) American management professor and consultant, is the author of many books about business. This text summarizes some of Peter Drucker’s views on management. It paraphrases the extended definition of management he gives in one of his management textbooks. As you read about his description of the work of a manager, decide whether the five different
functions he mentions require the four qualities you selected in your discussion, or others you did not choose. What is management?
Drucker’s first point (setting objectives and developing strategies) presumably requires qualities J, H, E and A (not necessarily in that order). The second point (organizing) presumably also requires H, E and J. The third point (motivation and communication) embraces F, D, I and probably C. The fourth point (measuring performance) probably requires H and E. The fifth point (developing people) might require H, F, D and J. But all this is clearly open to discussion.
1c Vocabulary
Complete the following sentences with these words.
Achieved; board of directors; communicate; innovations; manageable; performance; resources; setting; supervise
1. managers have to decide how best to allocate the human, physical and capital resources available to them.
2. Managers -- logically – have to make sure that the jobs and tasks given to their subordinates are manageable.
3. There is no point in setting objectives if you don’t communicate them to your staff.
4. Managers have to supervise their subordinates, and to measure, and try to improve, their performance.
新剑桥商务英语高级习题答案
