26 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 26 (类)gift·donor=legacy·predecessor 礼物·捐赠人=遗产·先辈(前者来自后者) doodle [??????] n. v. 乱写,乱画(to draw or scribble idly) (类)draw·doodle=travel·ramble 画·乱画=旅行·漫步 dormant [????????] adj.休眠的,静止的,不活跃的(lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive) (类)dormant·inactivity=malleable·plasticity 不活跃的·不活跃=可塑的·可塑性(形名同义) (反)dormancy ◆ activity 休眠 ◆ 活跃 (同)latent, abeyant, lurking, potential, prepatent, quiescent dour [????] adj.严肃的,严厉的(sullen; gloomy; severe ;stern) (类)dour·geniality=bumptious·humbleness 严厉的·温和=傲慢的·谦逊 (反)dour ◆ congenial/genial/ jocund 严厉的 ◆ 温和的/欢乐的 douse [ daus ] vt. 把?浸入水中, 弄湿 (反)ignite点燃 dowdy [ ?????? ] adj. 衣衫褴褛的, 寒酸的 downplay [?????????] vt. 低估,轻描淡写(to minimize the significance of);贬低(play down) (反)underscore强调 vaunt自夸 downpour [????????] n. 暴雨,倾盆大雨(a heavy , drenching rain) (类)downpour·flooding=wind·erosion 暴雨·泛滥=风·侵蚀(因果) doyen [??????] n. 老资格,首席(the senior member of a body or group) (类)eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面特征) (记)谐音“导爷”;中国最早一批下海者→老资格的 doze [????] vi.瞌睡;假寐(to fall into a light sleep; nap) (类)doze·sleep=nudge·prod 瞌睡·睡觉=轻推·推动(程度) drab [ ???? ] adj. 土褐色的, 单调的 draconian [???????????] adj. 严峻的,苛刻的(cruel; severe) (类)draconian·inclemency=fretted·vexation 严峻的·严酷=烦恼的·烦恼(形名同义) draconian·severity=palmy·prosperity 严峻的·严格=繁荣的·繁荣(形名同义) (反)indulgent放纵的 mild温柔的genial亲切的 lenient宽大仁慈的 (同)rigid, ironhanded, rigorist, rigorous, strict, stringent, unpermissive drawl [?????] v. 懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说(to utter in a slow lengthened tone) (类)drawl·speak=inch·move=lope·run 慢慢说·说=慢慢移动·移动=大步子慢跑·跑 (记)draw拉 拉着长音说话→懒洋洋地说,慢慢地说 dreary [???????] adj. 沉闷的 (having nothing likely to provide cheer) (反)dreary ◆ jocund 沉闷的 ◆ 欢乐的 (同)gloomy, depressive, dismal, dispiriting, oppressive, somber drench [??????] v.湿透,浸透(to wet thoroughly) (类)drenched·wet=antithetic·different 湿透的·湿的=对立的·不同的(程度) (同)soak , impregnate, saturate, seethe, sodden, sop, souse, steep drivel [???????] vi.说傻话n.胡言乱语,傻话(silly or meaningless talk) (类)nonsensical·drivel=pompous·bombast 无意义的·傻话=夸大的·夸大言辞 (记)谐音(追我)mm对gg说,“就凭你也敢追我——简直是胡说八道” drizzle [??????] n./v. 下毛毛雨,毛毛雨(a very light rain) (反)drizzle ◆ deluge 毛毛雨 ◆ 大洪水 (记)来自drop滴 droll [?????] adj. 古怪的,滑稽的,好笑的(having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality) (类)droll·laugh=grisly·flinch 好笑的·笑=可怕的·退缩 (反)droll ◆ grave/ serious 严肃的 somber 忧郁的 (记)参考:doll 洋娃娃,玩偶 drone [?????] vt.嗡嗡地说出,单调而低沉地说(to make a continued ,low, monotonous sound) (类)drone·monotonous=stammer·halting=hiss·sibilant 单调低沉地说·单调的=结巴地说·结结巴巴的=嘘声·咝咝声的 (反)drone ◆ speak animatedly 单调低沉地说 ◆ 有活力地说 drudgery [?????????] n. 苦差,苦工(dull, irksome, and fatiguing work) (反)drudgery ◆ rewarding work 苦差 ◆ 美差 (记)drudge 做苦工的人 比较:trudge 跋涉 dredge 挖泥船 dubious [????????] adj. 可疑的;不确定的(inclined to doubt ;questionable) (类)disaffected·contentment=dubious·commitment 不满的·满足=可疑的·确信 (反)dubious ◆ certain 不确定的 ◆ 确定的 indubitable ◆ questionable 不容置疑的 ◆ 值得怀疑的 (同)doubtful, dubitable, equivocal, problematic, suspect, uncertain, unclear, undecided ductile [???????] n.有延展性的(capable of being drawn out or hammered thin) (类)ductility·malleable=toxicity·poisonous 延展性·延展性的=毒性·有毒的(同义) (同)plastic, adaptable, malleable, moldable, pliable, pliant, supple dulcet [???????] adj.(声音)悦耳的(pleasing to the ear; melodious) (反)dulcet ◆ cacophonous 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的 (同)euphonic, euphonious, mellisonant, melodic, sweet, tuneful dullard [??????] n.愚人,笨蛋(a stupid or insensitive person) (反)dullard ◆ wit 愚人 ◆ 机智的人 (同)dunce, dullhead, dumbbell, dummy, idiot, ignoramus, moron, simpleton, stupid dune [????] n.沙丘(a hill or ridge of sand piled up by the wind) (类)sand·dune=word·sentence 沙·沙丘=词语·句子(组成关系) dupe [????] n. 傻瓜,易受骗的人v.欺骗(to delude by underhand methods) (类)credulous·dupe=insensitive·boor 轻信的·易受骗的人=感觉迟钝的·粗人 trusting·dupe=reverent·idolater 容易相信的·易受骗的人=恭敬的·崇拜者 duplicity [????????????] n. 两面派,伪善(double-dealing; hypocrisy) (类)dupe·duplicity=callous·impassive 欺骗·伪善=无情的·冷漠(同义) dwindle [ ????????] v.逐渐缩小;衰落(to become gradually less until little remains) (类)dwindle·decrease=crawl·proceed 逐渐缩小·减少=爬行·前进(逐渐·正常) (反)dwindle ◆ increase 缩小 ◆ 增加 (同)abate, bate, diminish, drain (away), lessen, reduce, taper dyspeptic [??????????] adj. 消化不良的;阴郁的;脾气坏的(of or displaying a morose disposition) (反)dyspeptic ◆ genial 脾气坏的 ◆ 和蔼的 (同)bad-tempered,hot-tempered,ill-humored, ill-natured, tempersome (记)dys(病)+ peptic 胃蛋白酶的→消化不良;参考:pepsy 百事可乐的商标 dyslexia [??????????] n.[医] 阅读障碍 (类)dyslexia·read= insomnia·sleep 阅读障碍症·阅读=失眠症·睡觉 (记)dys(病)+lex 词语+ ia 病后缀 dyspeptic eaglet [???????] n.小鹰;小雕(a young eagle) (类)eaglet·bird=fawn·mammal 小鹰·鸟类=小羊·哺乳动物 (记)let(表示小的后缀) earnest [???????] adj.认真的;诚恳的(proceeding from an serious state of mind) (反)earnest ◆ facetious 认真的 ◆ 轻浮的 (同)grave,sedate,sober,solemn,somber,staid,weighty (例)If you work in earnest,you will succeed. 认真工作就会成功。 earplug [???????] n.耳塞(an ornament inserted in the lobe of the ear to distend it) (类)earplug·noise=shield·impact 耳塞防止噪音=盾防止冲击 earshot [??????] n.听力所及的范围(the range within which the voice may be heard) (类)earshot·hear=ken·see 听力范围·听=视野范围·看(行为及其范围) (记)shot→射程 earsplitting adj.震耳欲聋的(distressingly loud or shrill) (类)earsplitting·loud=heartrending·sad 震耳欲聋·响亮的=心碎的·伤心的(程度) (同)loud, blaring, piercing, roaring, stentorian (记)声音大得把ear都split(撕裂) easel [?????? ] n. 画架(An upright frame for supporting something, such as an artist's canvas)
(类)easel·canvas=tripod·camera 画架·画布=三角架·照相机(事物及其支持物) 【注】frame·photograph 绝对错误;本题强调支撑,而不是frame (记)ease(容易,不费力)+ l 联想:画架让画画不费力更容易了。 eavesdrop [?????????] v.偷听(to listen secretly to what is said in private) (类)eavesdrop·conversation=trespass·property 偷听谈话=擅闯领地
eavesdrop·hear=shadow·follow 偷听·听到=尾随·跟随 (偷偷·正常) eavesdrop·listen=collude·cooperate 偷听·听=阴谋·合作 (偷偷·正常) listener·eavesdropper=observer·spy 听者·偷听者=观察者·间谍(种属) (记)在drop(滴着)檐水的eaves(屋檐)下偷听 ebullient [?????????] adj.热情奔放的(showing excitement) (反)ebullient ◆ tepid 热情奔放的 ◆ 不热烈的 ebullience ◆ lifelessness 无生气 impassiveness 无感情 torpor 无精打采
ebullient ◆ torpid 热情奔放的 ◆ 无精打采的(干扰:insensitive迟钝的) 【注】ebullient和torpid主要强调一种心理状态,情绪。是可以变化的。 而insensitive指的是一种性格或生理特点,是难以变化的。 (同)exuberant,brash, effervescent, vivacious (记)e+bull(公牛)→一群公牛;联想:象公牛一样热情奔放 eccentric [??????????] adj.古怪的(odd;whimsical;irregular)n.行为古怪者 (类)eccentric·conventional=doyen·initiated 行为古怪者·常规的=老前辈·刚入门的(反面特征) eccentric·unconventional=hero·admirable行为古怪者不符常规=英雄令人钦佩(正面特征) (反)eccentric ◆ ordinary 古怪的 ◆ 常规的 (同)erratic, idiosyncratic, peculiar, queer, singular, weird (记)ec(反)+centric(中心)→偏离中心的,偏离常规的,古怪的 (例)One of his eccentricities is sleeping under the bed instead of in it. 他的怪癖之一是睡在床底下,而不睡在床上。 echelon [ ??????? ] n. 梯队(军队的一种队形);等级 (记)谐音:“一车人”联想:一车人组成一个梯队 eclat [???????] n.辉煌成就(a notable success) (反)eclat ◆ fiasco 大成功 ◆ 大失败 (记)谐音:一克拉的(钻石)联想:钻石级的——代表辉煌成就。 eclipse [???????] n.v.日月蚀;使黯然失色(darken;extinguish) (类)eclipse·prestige=enfeeble·vigor 使声望黯淡=使精力衰弱 (反)make distinctive 使与众不同 make more prominent 使更加卓越 (记)真难记,因为ellipse(椭圆)捣乱。仔细观察:e+clips夹子+e 联想:两个e被几个
夹子夹住手脚,不能发挥优势,因此逐渐黯然失色,泯然众人矣。 ecstasy [????????] n.v.狂喜(a state of being overwhelming emotion) (类)pleasure·ecstasy=surprise·astonishment 高兴·狂喜=奇怪·震惊(程度) (反)ecstasy ◆ self-control 狂喜 ◆ 自制 (同)rapture, exultant, exhilaration (记)ec(反)+stat(平静)=不平静→狂喜的 ecumenical [?????????????] adj.世界范围的;一般性的;特指世界范围基督教的 (类)ecumenical·generality=entire·integrity 一般性的·一般性=完全的·完整(形名同义) (反)ecumenical ◆ diocesan 世界范围基督教的 ◆ 主教管辖特定小教区的 ecumenical ◆ factional/provincial 世界范围的 ◆ 派别的/狭隘的 (同)universal, catholic, worldwide (记)e(谐音:一)+cu(谐音:苦)+men(人)→一群苦命人 联想:一群苦命人组成这个世界。 eddy [????] n.v.漩涡(a current moving contrary to the direction of the main current) - 26 - - 26 -
27 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 27 (类)eddy·stream=anomaly·trend 旋涡·溪流=异常·趋势 (异常·正常) elephantine [???????????] adj.象的;巨大的having enormous size or strength (记)相关词ebb:退潮(to fall back from the flood stage) (反)elephantine ◆ microscopic 巨大的 ◆ 微细的 (记)来自 elephant 大象 edible [??????] adj.可食用的(fit to be eaten:) (类)edible·eat=potable·drink 可食用的能吃=可饮用的能喝 elevate [????????] v.举起;提升(rank or status);振奋(moral,intellect,culture,spirits) (同)comestible, eatable, esculent (反)elevation ◆ debasement 提升 ◆ 降低 (记)lev(向上举起)参考:levity 轻浮 edifice [???????] n.大厦;大建筑物(an elaborate conceptual structure) (类)edifice·buttress=limb·splint 扶壁支撑大厦=夹板固定肢体 elicit [???????] vt. 引出;引起(draw out by discussion) edifice·tower=barrier·rampart 塔楼是一种大建筑物=壁垒是一种障碍物 (反)evoke ◆ fail to elicit 唤起 ◆ 不能引起 blueprint·edifice=syllabus·course 蓝图·大厦=课程提纲·课程(前者规划后者) (同)educe, evince, evoke, extort, extract, milk (记)来自edify:启发。大厦(edifice)是经启发后精心建构的 (记)e(=ex向外)+licit(合法的;准许的)→准许出来→引出,引起 eerie [?????] a. 怪诞的,可怕的,奇异的,不安的(strange and frightening) ellipsis [????????] n.省略;省略号(marks indicating an omission or a pause) (例)It's eerier in a dark wood. 在黑暗的树林里令人恐怖不安。 (类)apostrophes·word=ellipsis·sentence 撇号省略字=省略号省略句子 efface [??????] v. 擦掉;抹去;磨灭(rub out) elliptical [??????????] adj.椭圆的;省略的;朦胧含糊的 (反)aggrandize夸大blazon/emboss装饰bring to preeminent卓越institute建立 (反)elliptical ◆ palpable 朦胧含糊的 ◆ 明显的 (记)ef(否定,去掉)+face(脸上)=(从脸上)抹去 (记)分别作为ellipse(椭圆);ellipsis(省略);eclipse(日月蚀)的adj.形式 (例)Efface unpleasant memories of the past. 忘却过去不愉快的回忆。 观察这三个词,eclipse的特征是中间有个clip(夹子),想象日月被夹子夹住形成日 月蚀。ellipsis effervesce [???????] vi.冒泡(bubble)欢腾(show liveliness or exhilaration) 特征是后面的sis,联想她是sister 被省略了ter。参考:elapse时光流逝 (类)effervescence·feeling=fury·anger 欢腾·情绪=狂怒·怒 (程度) (反)effervescence ◆ be flat/ lassitude 欢腾 ◆ 平淡/ 疲乏倦怠 elucidate [???????????] v. 阐明;说明(explain;enlighten) effervesce ◆ droop 欢腾 ◆ 消沉 (类)elucidate·clarity=abet·encouragement 阐明使清晰=教唆使鼓励 effervescent ◆ still 欢腾的 ◆ 平静的 (反)elucidate ◆ garble/obfuscate/obscure 阐明 ◆ 混淆/混乱/晦涩 (同)ebullience, buoyancy, exuberance, exuberancy (同)clarify, clear up, explain, illuminate, illustrate (记)ef(强调)+fervid(热的;热情的)+ esce→热情,欢腾 (记)参考:lucid 明晰的 effete [??????] adj.衰老的;疲惫的(no longer fertile) elude [ ??????? ] v. 逃避,躲避 (反)effete ◆ hale/ sound 衰老的 ◆ 强壮的 (例)The fox succeeded in eluding the hunters. (记)ef(不)+fete(=fetus新生儿)联想:不再象新生儿一样:走向衰老的。 狐狸成功地逃脱了猎人的追捕。 effluvium [?????????] n. 臭气(noxious smell);没用的副产品(pl.effluvia) elusive [ ????????? ] adj. .难懂的,令人困惑的 (反)effluvia ◆ desired products 无用之副产品 ◆ 有用的产品 (记)flu 流出→流出的东西→废物,废气→无用的副产品 参考:effluent 流出物,污水 emaciate [??????????] v .使憔悴(to make feeble);减肥 (类)emaciated·thin=apoplectic·angry effrontery [??????????] n.厚颜无耻;冒犯胆大(brazen boldness; presumptuousness) 憔悴的·瘦=易怒的·生气(褒贬)【注:非程度】 (反)effrontery ◆ decorum 厚颜无耻 ◆ 正派得体 (反)emaciate ◆ invigorate/fatten 使憔悴 ◆ 鼓舞/变胖 effrontery ◆ timidity 冒犯胆大 ◆ 胆小 (例)She was emaciated by long illness. 由于长期生病她变得消瘦了。 effulgence [??????????] adj.光辉,灿烂(radiant splendor;brilliance) emancipate [???????????] v.解放(to free from bondage) (类)effulgent·resplendence=bootless·futility 光辉的·辉煌=无用的·无用(名形同义) (反)emancipate ◆ shackle 解放 ◆ 束缚 (记)fulgent 本身是一个词:灿烂的 emancipation ◆ bondage 解放 ◆ 束缚 (同)discharge, liberate, manumit effusive [?????????] adj. 感情横溢的;喷发的(pouring forth;gushing) (记)man(手)把手解放出来—>解放。参考:manuscript 手稿 (类)gush·effusive=rage·irate 涌出·喷发的=大怒·发怒的(名形同义) (反)effusive ◆ lack of emotion/ reticent 感情横溢的 ◆ 缺乏感情的/ 沉默寡言的 embargo [?????????] n.(贸易)禁运令;封港令(ban on commerce) effusive ◆ torpid 感情横溢的 ◆ 麻木的,麻木不仁的(干扰:insensitive不敏感的) (类)embargo·commerce=quarantine·contact 禁运阻止贸易=隔离阻止接触 (记)fuse(导火线)→爆发 (记)bar(酒吧)+go 联想:酒吧搬走了,因为禁港令。 (例)effusive in one’s gratitude. 感激之情溢于言表 embark [???????] vi.上船;开始从事(commence) egalitarian [?????????????] n.adj.平等主义(的) (类)embarkment·journey=debut·career 上船开始旅行=初次登场开始职业生涯 (类)egalitarian·equity=meliorism·progress 平等主义追求平等=改良论追求改进 (反)conclude ◆ embark on 结束 ◆ 开始从事 (记)来自equal 平等的 (记)bark(树皮)联想:用树皮做成独木舟—>上船 egoism [??????????] n. 利己主义(a doctrine that self-interest is the valid end) embarrass [????????] vt.使困窘(to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease);妨碍(impede)
(反)egoism ◆ altruism 利己主义 ◆ 利他主义 (类)blush·embarrassment=yawn·sleepiness 脸红表示困窘=打呵欠表示想睡 (记)ego(自我)参考:egocentric 自我中心的 egotist 自私自利的人 catastrophe·mishap=humiliation·embarrassment 大灾难·不幸=耻辱·困窘 (程度) embarrass·shame=console·comfort 使困窘·羞愧=安慰·舒心(后者是前者的结果)
elaborate [?????????] v.详述 adj.精细的;详尽的(full of detail) embarrass·mortify=indulge·mollycoddle 使困窘·使苦恼=纵容·溺爱 (同义)
(类)elaborate·sketch=fawn·imperiousness 详述·概述=奉承·专横(反义) disembarrass·entanglement 使摆脱困扰·困扰(前者消除后者) (反)elaborate ◆ abstract/ simplify 详述 ◆ 摘要/ 简化 (同)abash, confuse, discomfit, disconcert, discountenance, faze, rattle (同)complex,complicated, intricate, knotty, labyrinthine, sophisticated (记)bar(栅栏;障碍)使受到阻碍→妨碍,使困窘 (记)花很多labor(操劳)和心思在上面→详述 embed [??????] vt. 嵌入,放入(enclose;place in something) elastic [????????] adj.有弹性的;能伸展的(easily resuming original shape after being (反)embed ◆ extract 放入 ◆ 取出 stretched) (记)bed 本身除床外,做动词时也有嵌入的的义项 (类)elastic·expand=viable·live 能伸展的·伸展=能活的·活 ephemeral·endure=inelastic·stretch 短暂的无法持久=无弹性的无法伸展 embellish [ ???????? ] v. 修饰,装饰;渲染(decorate) (反)inelastic ◆ extended 无弹性的 ◆ 延伸的 (记)Bell美 参考:Belle美女,美妇 (同)flexible,resilient,stretch,supple (记)last有持久延展的意思 例如:The war lasted four years. 战争持续了四年 embezzle [????????] vt.盗用;挪用(to appropriate fraudulently to one's own use) (类)embezzle·funds=usurp·power 盗用款项=篡夺权力 elate [??????] adj. 兴高采烈的(elated) v.使兴奋(to fill with joy) embezzlement·fraud=forgery·counterfeit 盗用·诈骗=伪造·假冒(前者为后者手段)
(反)elate ◆ depress 使兴奋 ◆ 使沮丧 (同)misappropriate, peculate elated ◆ despondent 兴高采烈的 ◆ 沮丧的 (记)bezzant(拜占庭帝国时银币名) elated ◆ hangdog 兴高采烈的 ◆ 垂头丧气的(downcast) elation ◆ dejection/ wretchedness 高兴 ◆ 沮丧/ 可怜,悲惨 embolden [??????????] v.壮胆;鼓励(to instill with boldness or courage) (同)excite, exhilarate, inspire, spirit(up), stimulate (反)embolden ◆ abash/ appall/ boggle/ cow/ daunt/ faze/ thwart (记)e(=ex向外)+late(=wide 放大)→心情好自然情绪向外释放。参考:dilate 扩大,膨 使大胆 ◆ 使不安/使胆寒/使惊奇犹豫/吓唬/使胆怯/使狼狈扰乱/阻挠 胀 (记)en(使)+bold(大胆的) elbow [??????] n.肘(the joint of the human arm) emboss [??????] vt.饰以浮饰;使凸出来;浮雕装饰(to ornament with raised work) (类)elbow·joint=heart·organ 肘属于关节=心脏属于器官 (反)emboss ◆ flatten out 使凸出来 ◆ 使平坦 (记)谐音:埃尔伯(拜仁慕尼黑球星),联想:埃尔伯是拜仁的左膀右臂 (记)boss 原义:a protuberant part or body 将军肚 联想:因老板肚子常常凸起后引申为老板。 eleemosynary [???????????????] adj.施舍的;慈善的(supported by charity) embrace [????????] n.v.拥抱;乐于接受(to take up especially readily or gladly) (类)philanthropist·eleemosynary 慈善家特点是慈善的 (类)embrace·affection=blush·embarrassment拥抱表示爱=脸红表示困窘 (同)charitable,altruistic,benevolent, humane, humanitarian, philanthropic (反)embrace ◆ abjure/ abrogate /eschew/ ostracize/ renounce /spurn (记)e+lee+m(谐音:一粒米)+mosy(=mercy)→一粒米表达同情→施舍,慈善 乐于接受 ◆ 誓绝/废除/避免/放逐/放弃/摒弃 (记)brace:支持 参考:bracket 支架,括弧 elegy [???????] n.哀歌(诗);挽歌(诗)(poem or song expressing lamentation) (类)elegy·poem=paean·song=tango·dance 挽诗·诗=赞歌·歌=探戈·舞(种属) e m b r o i d e r [????????? ] v.刺绣(to ornament with needlework) elegy·sorrow=hymn·praise=satire·ridicule=eulogy·admiration (类)embroider·cloth=chase·metal 在布料上刺绣=在金属上雕琢 哀歌表达悲伤=赞歌表达赞美=讽刺文学表达嘲弄=颂词表达钦佩 (记)em(加强)+broid(= braid 编织)→编织,刺绣 elegiac·sorrow=devotional·reverence 哀悼的·悲伤=虔诚的·尊敬(形名同 义) emigrate [?????????] v.(使)移居;(使)移民 (类)repatriate·emigration=repeal·ratification 移民了又被遣返=批准了又被撤消
- 27 - - 27 -
28 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 28 emigrate·exile=enlist·conscript移民·驱逐=从军·强制入伍(后者强制) (记)来自migrate 反义词: immigrate 移居入境 ennui [??????] n.v.倦怠;厌倦(a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction) (类)ennui·enthusiastic=fervor·apathetic=somnolence·alert eminence [????????] n.显赫地位;出众(a position of prominence or superiority) 倦怠不热情=热情不冷漠=嗜睡不警惕(名形反义) (类)luminary·eminence=master(maven)·experience 杰出人物有显赫地位=专家有经验 (反)ennui ◆ energy/enthusiasm/exuberance/keen interest (反)eminent ◆ undistinguished 显赫的 ◆ 平凡的 倦怠 ◆ 活力/热情/生气盎然/强烈的兴趣 (记)参考:prominence 卓越 imminent 逼近的 (同)tedium, boredom, doldrums , yawn (记)谐音“安慰”联想:安慰一颗倦怠的心。 emollient [?????????] adj.使柔软的n. 润滑剂,安慰剂 (类)emollient·soothe=dynamo·generate 润滑药使安慰减轻=发电机使发电 e n o r m o u s [ ???????? ] adj.巨大的, 庞大的;非常邪恶的 emollient·suppleness=desiccant·dryness 润滑药使柔软=干燥剂使干燥 ensemble [??????????] n. 合奏曲(a work for two or more vocalists or instrumentalists) (记)moll(软)参考:mollify 平息 (反)ensemble ◆ solo 合奏曲 ◆ 独奏曲 (记)semble(相同) 联想:共同弹奏相同的曲子→合奏曲 emulate [?????????] vt. 努力赶上;仿效 (to strive to equal or excel) 参考:dissemble 掩饰resemble 象,类似 assemble集合,装配 (类)emulation·exemplar=deference·authority 仿效榜样=遵从权威 emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 仿效典范的=除去不必要的 【注】obviate :to anticipate and prevent or make unnecessary (记)e+mul(骡子,执拗)+ate→一头骡子 联想:象骡子一样的努力工作,追赶 参考:mulish 骡子似的,执拗的 emulous 好胜心强的 emulable adj.可仿效的, 可超越的 enact [??????] vt.制定颁布法律(to cause to be by legal and authoritative act) (反)enact ◆ repeal / rescind 颁布 ◆ 废除 enactment ◆ rescission 颁布 ◆ 废除 (记)act:法令;扮演 enamel [???????] n.珐琅;瓷釉;搪瓷(a usually opaque vitreous composition) (类)enamel·tooth=bark·tree 牙的表面是珐琅质=树的表面是树皮 encomium [??????????] n.高度赞扬(glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise) (类)encomium·eulogize=discontent·complain=quibble·cavil 赞扬·颂扬=不满·抱怨=吹毛求疵·挑剔(名词和动词同义) (反)encomium ◆ harsh criticism 高度赞扬 ◆ 猛烈批评 (同)citation, eulogy, panegyric, salutation, tribute list 12 encompass ------exhaust encompass [?????????] v.环绕(surround);包含(include) (反)encompass ◆ exclude 包含 ◆ 排除 (记)compass n. 罗盘,圆规v. 包围 encumber [???????????] v. 阻碍;妨碍 (反)encumber ◆ remove impediment 阻碍 ◆ 去除阻碍 (记)cumber(躺)参考:cumbersome:讨厌的;笨重的 endemic [????????] n.地方病 adj.地方性的(epidemic) (类)endemic·region=inborn·individual 地方性的是就地域而言=天性的是就个体而言 (反)endemic ◆ exotic/foreign 地方性的 ◆ 外来的/外国的 (记)dem(人民)。参考:epidemic 流行病(的) endorse [???????] vt. 背书,签署;支持(to approve openly) (类)endorse·approval=endow·income 【注:endow :to furnish with an income】 签署·批准=资助·收入(批准后签署意见=有收入后进行资助) endorsement·policy=rider·bill 签署·政策=法案附文(类似盖公章)·法案(后者经由前者生效) (反)endorse ◆ deprecate/impugn/oppose publicly 支持 ◆ 抗议/指责/公然反对 (同)approve, accredit, certify, sanction (例)His driving licence hase been endorsed,a record of a motoring offence has been entered in it. 他的驾驶执照上曾有违规的纪录。 enervate [????????] vt.使衰弱(to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of) (类)enervate·energy=curtail·period 使精力衰弱=缩减周期 enervate·strength=dispirit·morale 使力量衰弱=使士气泄气 enervate·vigor=eclipse·prestige 使精力衰弱=使声望黯淡 enervate·vitality=debase·value=hamstring·effectiveness 使衰弱:活力=贬低:价值=使残废:效力(前者使后者失效或衰弱) (反)enervate ◆ fortify/invigorate/strengthen 使衰弱 ◆ 使增强/使精力充沛/变强 enervation ◆ vitality 虚弱 ◆ 生命力 (记)e(出)+nerve(精力)释放出精力→使衰弱。完全等价 enfeeble enfranchise [????????????] vt. 给予选举权;解放(to endow with the right to vote) (类)enfranchise·vote=license·practice=illuminate·see 给予选举权可以投票=给予许可证可以实行=照亮使可以看见 (反)enfranchise ◆ enfetter/resubject/subjugate 解放 ◆ 束缚/使再臣服/使屈从 enfranchise ◆ disempowe 给予选举权 ◆ 使失去权力或影响 disempowe :To deprive of power or influence. 使失去权力或影响 (记)en(加强)+franch(=frank自由的,免费的,率直的)→使自由→解放 engender [?????????] vt. 产生;导致(cause; produce) (反)engender ◆ quash/eradicate 产生 ◆ 撤销/根除 (记)由gender(性)联想:通过性来生产。 engross [????????] vt.使全神贯注(occupy fully) (类)engrossed·absorbed=intimate·close 全神贯注的·极感兴趣的=亲密的·紧密的 (记)gross = whole总的,所有的,毛重的→将所有的注意力都集中起来→全神贯注 enigma [???????] n.谜语;费解的事物(puzzle) (类)enigma·impenetrable=juggernaut·unstoppable 谜的特点是难以弄懂的=摧毁一切的强大力量特点是无法阻碍的 (反)enigmatic ◆ broadly known/free of ambiguity/readily understood 令人费解的 ◆ 广为人知的/不含糊的/浅显易懂的 enlighten [?????????] vt. 启发;教导;照耀(to give spiritual or intellectual insight to) (类)explanation·enlighten=equivocation·coax 解释为了启发=含糊话为了哄骗 enmity [???????] n.敌意(ill will; hatred) (反)enmity ◆ camaraderie/comity/concord 敌意 ◆ 同志情谊/团结/和睦 ennoble [????????] vt.授予爵位;使尊贵(to make noble) (反)debase ◆ ennoble贬低 ◆ 使尊贵 (记)en(使)+ noble 贵族→使成为贵族→使尊贵 - 28 - ensconce [????????] vt. 安置(to establish or place firmly, comfortably, or snugly) (反)ensconce ◆ dislodge/ displace/ unsettle 安置 ◆ 驱逐/取代位置/使紊乱 【注:unsettle :to displace from a settled condition】 (记)en + sconce n. 烛台→使象烛台一样→安置 ensue [??????] vi. 随之而来(follow) (反)ensuing ◆ anterior 后来的 ◆ 先前的 (记)由sue(诉讼)联想:治安状况不好,诉讼接连发生。 (例)the trouble that ensued from this misunderstanding. 由误会而产生的麻烦。 entangle [?????????] vt. 使纠缠;卷入(to twist together or entwine into a confusing mass;snarl)
(类)exonerate·blame=disentangle·snarl 免除责任·指责=松开·纠缠(反义) entangle·involve=grill·question 纠缠·涉及=拷问·提问(程度) (反)disentangle ◆ snarl 松开 ◆ 使缠结 (记)源自tangle 纠缠 参考:untangle解开disentangle解开 (例)My fishing line got entangled in weeds. 我的钓鱼线和杂草缠在一起了。 enthralling [??????????] adj. 迷人的,吸引人的 enthusiasm [?????????????] n.狂热;热心 (类)enthusiasm·mania=covet·rapacity=suspicion·paranoia 热心·狂热=渴望·贪婪的=怀疑·偏执狂(多疑症)(褒贬程度) reverence·respect=avidity·enthusiasm 尊敬·尊敬=热望·热心(同义) (反)halfhearted ◆ enthusiastic 半心半意的 ◆ 狂热的 entice [???????] vt. 诱使(lure; attract; tempt) (类)goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求 (主被动关系) enticement·tempt=affection·love 引诱·引诱=喜爱·爱(名动同义) (反)enticing ◆ formidable 诱人的 ◆ 可怕的 (记)谐音:安第斯→安第斯山,美洲旅游胜地→联想:安第斯山对游客充满了诱惑 entitle [ ???????? ] vt.给?权利(或资格)(to furnish with a right) entity [ ????????] n.实体,存在(being) (例)Persons and corporations are equivalent entities under the law. 个人和企业是依法存在的对等的独立实体 entrance [????????] vt.使狂喜;使入迷(carry away with emotion)n.入口 (反)entrance ◆ bore/ disappoint/ disgust/ repel/ repulse 使入迷 ◆ 使厌烦/使失望/使作呕/令人但反感/使拒绝 entrance ◆ egress 入口 ◆ 出口 entrancing ◆ unprepossessing 使人欣喜的 ◆ 不讨人喜欢的 (例)She stood entranced at the sight. 她站在那里望着那景色出神。 entrap [???????] vt.诱骗(to lure into a compromising statement or act) (类)vigilant·entrapped=exacting·satisfied 警醒的·被诱骗的=苛求的·满足的(难以关系) (同)allure, bait, decoy, entice, inveigle, lead on, seduce, tempt, toll (记)en + trap 圈套,陷阱 →使进入圈套→诱骗 entreat [????????] v. 恳求(to make an earnest request) (类)protest·dissuade=supplicate·entreat 抗议·劝阻=低三下四地恳求·恳求(同义) goad·enticement=command·entreaty 驱使·诱使=命令·恳求(主被动关系)
(同)appeal, beseech, crave, implore, importune, invoke, plead, supplicate (记)en(使)+ treat(托福听力的一个重要义项:请客)→使请客(对小气的人当然得恳求了) entrenched adj. 确立的,不容易改的(风俗习惯) entrust [ ?????????] v. 委托,托付 enunciate [??????????] v.清晰发音(articulate);阐明 (类)waffle·enunciate=embed·disinter 胡扯· 阐明=嵌入· 掘出 (反义) enunciate·mumbling=clarify·confusing 清晰发音·喃喃而语=使清晰·混淆(反义)
enunciate·words=limn·lines 清晰地表达言语=清晰地描绘线条 (记)e(出)+ nunci(发音)→清晰发音 参考:pronunciation 发音 envious [ ????????] adj. 嫉妒的, 羡慕的 (记)来自envy嫉妒,羡慕 (例)She was envious of her sister's beauty. 她妒嫉妹妹的美貌。
epaulet [????????] n.肩章;肩饰(something that ornaments the shoulder) (类)epaulet·shoulder=ring·finger 肩章戴在肩上=戒指戴在手指上 ephemeral [?????????] adj.朝生暮死的;极短暂的(lasting a very short time) (类)ephemeral·endure=inanimate·live=repellent·attract 短暂的无法持久=无生命的无法生存=相斥的无法吸引 ephemeral·transience=convoluted·complexity=perpetual·permanence 朝生暮死的·短暂=盘绕费解的·复杂=永久的·永恒(形名同义) ephemeral·abide=intransigent·yield 短暂的·坚持=不妥协的·屈服 (反)enduring 持久的 everlasting 永恒的 eternal/ permanent/ perpetual 永久的 epic [?????] n.史诗 adj.史诗的;英勇的;超出正常范围的 (反)epic ◆ modest 超出正常范围的 ◆ 一般的 epicure [????????] n.美食家 (one with sensitive tastes especially in food or wine) (类)epicure·discriminating=spectator·watching 美食家·识别的=观众·观看的(正面特征) - 28 -
29 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 29 (反)epicure ◆ a person indifferent to food 美食家 ◆ 厌食者 eschew [???????] v.避开;戒绝(to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical grounds) (同)gastronome, gourmand, gourmet (反)eschew ◆ embrace/greet/habitually indulge in/seek/welcome (记)来自Epicurus古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁 主张享乐和美食 避开 ◆ 接受/问候/习惯地沉溺/寻觅/欢迎 (记)eschew的东西不值得你去chew(咀嚼) epidermis [???????????] n.表皮;上皮 (同)escape, avoid, bilk, double, duck, elude, evade, shun, shy (类)epidermis·mammal=bark·conifer 表皮·哺乳动物=树皮·松柏 (记)epi(在外)+ derm 皮肤→表皮 esoteric [?????????????] adj.秘传的 (understood by the specially initiated alone) (反)common accepted普遍接受的generally known广泛知道的
epigram [????????] n.警句(a terse, sage, or witty and often paradoxical saying) (记)将oter看作other 不让其他人知道:秘传的。 (类)brevity·epigram=exaggeration·caricature (同)recondite, abstruse, acroamatic, hermetic, occult, orphic, profound, secret 警句特点是简明扼要=讽刺画特点是夸张(正面特征) epigram·wise=paradox·contradictory espouse [???????] vt.支持;拥护(adopt; support)参加婚礼,结婚(to take in marriage;marry) 警句特点是英明的=自相矛盾的话特点是矛盾的(正面特征) (类)espouse·marriage=lurk·concealment 结婚·婚姻=潜伏·隐藏(动名同义) (记)epic(史诗中的)+gram(句子)联想:史诗中的句子多为警句 (反)espouse ◆ abjure/repudiate 拥护 ◆ 誓绝/拒绝 (同)adage,aphorism,epigram,maxim,proverb (记)spouse 配偶 epilogue [???????] n.收场白;尾声 esteem [???????] n.v.尊重(repect;value) (类)epilogue·novel=coda·symphony 小说的结尾=交响乐的尾声 (类)obeisant·esteem=embrace·affection 鞠躬表示尊敬=拥抱表示爱 epilogue·play=coda·sonata/dessert·meal 戏剧的收场白=奏鸣曲的尾音=饭后甜点 esteem·idolatrize=favor·bribe=desire·covet 尊敬·盲目崇拜=赠助·行贿=渴望·贪 epilogue·prose=finale·music 散文的收场白=音乐的终曲 求 epilogue·story=terminus·stop 故事的收场白=下车站的终点站(事物及其结尾) infuriate·rage=commend·esteem 激怒引起愤怒=赞美引起尊重(行为及其影响) (反)preface ◆ epilogue 序文 ◆ 结尾 (反)stigma ◆ mark of esteem 耻辱 ◆ 尊重的标志 (记)epi(在后)+ logue 说→在后面说的→收场白 参考:dialogue 对话 esteem ◆ odium 尊重 ◆ 憎恶 epistle [ ?????? ] n.书信(a letter, especially a formal one) estimable [??????????] adj.值得尊敬的(worthy of esteem);可估计的;有价值的 episode [????????] n.一段情节(one event in a chain of events) (反)estimable ◆ contemptible 可尊敬的 ◆ 可鄙的 (类)episode·series=issue·periodical 一段情节·连续系列=出版一期·期刊 estimable ◆ infamous 令人尊重的 ◆ 声名狼藉的 (记)epi(在?之间)+ sode(=soda 肥皂剧)→在肥皂剧之间的→一段情节 estrange [??????????] vt.使疏远;使隔离(separate; alienate) epistemology [??????????????] n.认识论(a theory of the nature and grounds of knowledge) (反)estrangement ◆ reconciliation/rapprochement 疏远 ◆ 和好 (类)epistemology·knowledge=aesthetics·beauty 认识论研究知识=美学研究美 (记)一点背景知识:认识论的核心问题是:什么是知识?什么是真理?人类的知识来自何处? etch [???] n.腐蚀剂 v.蚀刻 (类)etch·corrosive=glue·adhesive epitaph [????????] n. 墓志铭;碑文 腐蚀剂特点是腐蚀性的=粘合剂特点是带粘性的(正面特征) (类)epitaph·tombstone=motto·shield 墓志铭刻在墓碑上=座右铭刻在盾牌上 (记)epi(在?之前)+taph(= tomb 坟墓) eternal [????????] adj.永恒的 (反)eternal ◆ ephemeral 永恒的 ◆ 朝生暮死的 epithet [???????] n.绰号;脏话(a disparaging or abusive word or phrase) (类)epithet·disparage=alias·mislead 脏话贬低人=化名误导人 ethereal [?????????] adj. 轻飘的;空气的;太空的(light; heavenly) (记)epi(在?下)+ thet(=set放)→放在下面说的话→脏话 (反)ethereal ◆ material/ponderous 轻飘的 ◆ 物质的/沉重的 (记)最常见的网络就是以太网 ether net, ether 以太 epitome [????????] n.摘要(summary);典型(a typical or ideal example) (类)epitomize·brevity=embellish·ornamentation 摘要·缩写=装饰·装饰(同义) e t h ic s [?????? ] n. 伦理学 (类)ethics·behavior=logic·reasoning伦理学研究行为=逻辑学研究推理过程 equable [????????] adj. 稳定的(unvarying; steady);心态平和的(not easily disturbed; serene) (记)区别:ethnic 人种的,种族的 ethical adj. 道德的,伦理的 (反)equable ◆ intemperate 心态平和的 ◆ 放纵的 equanimity ◆ agitation/ excitability 平和 ◆ 激动 etiquette [ ???????????????? ] n. 礼节,礼仪,道德规范 (记)equ(平等) 参考:equator赤道 eulogize [???????????] vt.称赞;颂扬 equanimity [?????????????] n. 镇定(composure) (类)eulogy·praise=elegy·lament 颂词表扬=挽歌哀悼 equipoise [?????????] n.v.平衡 encomiast·eulogize=quibbler·cavil 赞美者称赞=吹毛求疵者挑剔 (反)equipoise ◆ vacillate 平衡 ◆ 摇摆 encomium·eulogy=discontent·complain 赞美·赞辞=不满·抱怨(同义) panegyric·eulogize=lampoon·satirize 颂词称赞=讽刺文讽刺 equity [???????] n.公平(freedom from bias or favoritism) (反)eulogize ◆ defamation/pan/stricture 称赞 ◆ 诬蔑/批评/指责 (类)illiteracy·education=inequity·redistribution 教育消除文盲=重新分配消除不公平 (记)eu(谐音:优→好)+log(说)→说好话→称赞 参考:eugenic优生的 equivalent·interchange= indistinguishable·confound 相等的可以交换=难辨别的 易混淆 euphemism [???????????] n.婉言(mild expression in place of an unpleasant one) (反)equitable ◆ biased/ discriminatory 公平的 ◆ 偏袒的/ 差别对待的 (类)euphemism·offense=aphorism·diffuseness=invulnerableness·injure 婉言不会冒犯=格言不会冗长=无懈可击不会受伤 equivocate [???????????] vi. 模棱两可地说(to avoid making an explicit statement) (类)equivocation·ambiguous=platitude·banal=oxymoron·incongruous euphonious [???????????] adj.悦耳的(pleasing or agreeable to the ear) 模棱两可的话是含糊的=陈词滥调特点是陈腐的=矛盾修饰法是不调和的 (类)euphonious·sound=graceful·movement悦耳的声音=优美的动作 equivocate·commitment=procrastinate·action 模棱两可逃避承诺=拖延逃避行动 (反)euphonious ◆ cacophonous 悦耳的 ◆ 刺耳的 equivocate·deceive=grandstand·impress 模棱两可为欺骗=炫耀为留下印象 (同)melodious, dulcet , sweet, tuneful equivocal·meaning=amorphous·shape 模棱两可的缺乏意义=无定形的缺乏形状 equivocation·truth=euphemism·offense 模棱两可逃避事实=委婉语避免冒犯 euphoria [?????????] n.精神欢快;欣快症(a feeling of well-being or elation) equivocation·truth=obfuscation·clarity 模棱两可的话不正确=困惑不明晰 (类)satisfaction·euphoria欣快症表现为过分满意 (反)waffle ◆ speak unequivocally 胡扯 ◆ 说话不模棱两可 equivocation ◆ clarity 模棱两可 ◆ 清楚 euthanasia [ ????????????? ] n. 安乐死(easy and painless death) equivocate ◆ communicate straightforwardly 模棱两可地说 ◆ 直率的说 evacuate [??????????] v.疏散;撤离 (同)lie, falsify, palter, prevaricate (反)evacuate ◆ conquer/fill up/occupy 撤退 ◆ 占领/填满 (记)vacuate:在?中造成真空 erode [??????] v. 使腐蚀;使侵蚀(to eat into;corrode) (类)erode·destruction=accrete·growth=incinerate·singe evanescent [??????????] adj.短暂的;逐渐消失的(fleeting; vanishing) 腐蚀使受到破坏=依附生长使生长=焚毁使烧焦(因果关系) (类)evanescent·disappear(vanish)=periodic·recur短暂的容易消失=周期性的容易重现 gully·erosion=callus·friction 溪谷是饱经风水侵蚀而成=老茧是饱经摩擦而成 evanescent·permanent=archaic·current 短暂的·永恒的=过时的·流行的 wind·erosion=downpour·flooding 风造成侵蚀=倾盆大雨水使泛滥(因果关系) evanescence·transient=complexity·convoluted 转瞬即逝·短暂的=复杂事物·费解的(正面特征) errant [??????] adj.漫游的(moving about aimlessly or irregularly);犯错误的(fallible) (反)evanescent ◆ abiding/lasting/perpetual 短暂的 ◆ 持久的/永久的 (类)errant·course=amorphous·shape=heretical·doctrine (记)e+van(谐音:完)+escent(后缀:表示开始)联想:一开始就完了→短暂的。 漫游的没有固定路线=无定型的没有固定形状=异教的不遵从固定教条 errant·standard=digress·topic 犯错误的偏离标准=离题的偏离主题 e v a s ion [????????] n.逃避,借口(the act or an instance of evading) (同)erratic,devious,stray,wandering,aberrant,devious,fallible, errable (类)inclemency·evasion 险恶·逃避 erratic [???????] adj.不稳定的;古怪的;游移的(having no fixed course) everlasting [???????????] adj.永恒的,无止境的(lasting forever;eternal) n. 永久 (类)erratic·permanent=heroic·craven 游移的不是持久的=英勇的不是懦弱的 (类)everlasting·duration=countless·number 无止境的持续时间=数不清的数目 exemplary·criticized=erratic·predicted 模范的不能批评=游移不定的不能预测 (反)everlasting ◆ ephemeral 永恒的 ◆ 短暂的 (记)以上两个单词都来自error(错误,误差) evict [??????] vt.赶出;驱逐(expel) erudite [?????????] adj. 博学的 n.博学之士 (类)evict·residence=banish·country 逐出住所=驱逐出境 (类)erudite·fathom=oblivious·neglect 博学的能看穿=健忘的易忽略 eviction·dwelling=deportation·country 逐出住所=驱逐出境 (反)ignorant无知的smattering of knowledge知识贫乏的 unlettered未受教育的 (反)evict ◆ harbor 逐出 ◆ 收容 erudition ◆ illiteracy 博学 ◆ 文盲 (记)vict (征服) 参考:victory胜利,战胜 (记)e(去除)+rudite(=rude粗鲁)联想:去除粗鲁当然是博学之士了。 evince [??????] vt. 表明;表示(show clearly) escalate [?????????] v.(战争等)升级,上升(to increase in amount, intensity, or scope) (反)evince ◆ conceal/ keep hidden 表明 ◆ 隐藏 (反)escalate ◆ diminish/wane 升级上升 ◆ 减弱 (记)vince(战胜,证明)参考:invincible不可征服的 convince使确信,使信服 (记)esca(=escape逃离)联想:逃离战火 参考:escalator自动扶梯 elevator升降梯 evoke [??????] vt. 唤起,引发(call forth) - 29 - - 29 -
30 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 蓝宝GRE笔考词汇突破核心词汇 30 (反)evoke ◆ fail to elicit 引起 ◆ 不能引出 (例)evoke laughter; 引发笑声 songs that evoke old memories. 唤起往日回忆的歌曲 (记)e(向外)+voke(=voc呼唤)→唤起 参考:convoke 召集revoke撤回 provoke激怒 ewe [ ??? ] n.母羊(ram公羊) (类)sheep·ewe=swan·pen 羊·母羊=天鹅·雌天鹅(种属) exacerbate [???????????] vt.激怒;使加剧(worsen;embitter) (反)exacerbate ◆ allay/ assuage/ palliate 加剧 ◆ 缓和 (记)ex(加强)+acerb(苦涩,尖酸)+ate=激怒 参考:acerbic酸的,尖刻的 exacting [?????????] adj.苛求的;吃力的(extremely demanding) (类)exacting·satisfied=indomitable·controlled=vigilant·entrapped=wary·gulled 苛求的难以满足=不屈的难以控制=警惕的难以落入陷阱=机警的难以上当 (反)exact ◆ condone/ forgive 强求 ◆ 宽恕 exactitude ◆ imprecision 正确,严格 ◆ 不精确 exalt [????????] v. 提升;赞扬(raise in rank or dignity; praise) (反)exaltation ◆ condemnation 赞扬 ◆ 谴责 exalt ◆ humble/lower in status 提升 ◆ 贬抑/降低身份 (记)alt(高)参考:altitude(海拔)高度 exasperate [?????????????] vt. 激怒,使加剧 adj.激怒的 (反)exasperate ◆ mitigate/mollify 激怒 ◆ 缓和 (同)irritate, aggravate, gall, nettle, rile, roil (记)ex(加强)+ asper(= rough粗暴的)+ate →非常粗鲁的容易激怒别人→激怒 (例)It is exasperating to lose a train by half a minute. 因半分钟之差而误了火车是恼火的。 excavate [??????????] v.挖掘,挖空(to make a hole in;hollow out) (反)excavate ◆ fill in 挖空 ◆ 填满 (记)ex(加强)+cav(=cave洞)+ate→挖掘 exceptionable adj. 引起反感的,会引起反抗的 (派)unexceptionable adj. 无懈可击的 exceptional [???????????] adj.例外的,异常的,特别的(being an exception; uncommon) (反)exceptional ◆ commonplace/prosaic 特别的 ◆ 平凡的 (记)exception有两个重要义项1、例外2、异议,反对 分别有两个重要的派生词 exceptional和exceptionable adj.可反对的, 可抗议的, 要不得的;两者意思无任何交插 excerpt [????????] v. 做摘录n.摘录(selected passage) (类)summary·excerpt=aside·digression 摘要·摘录=偏离·离题(同义) (记)比较except除了 联想:除去多余的东西→摘录 excoriate [????????????] v. 严厉批评(to censure strongly;denounce) (反)excoriate ◆ accolade/extol/flatter/praise lavishly 严厉批评 ◆ 推崇备至/赞扬/过分赞扬/高度赞扬 (同)lambaste,castigate, flay, lash, scarify, scathe, scorch, scourge, slash (记)ex+cori(=core核心)+ate→使黑心露出来→严厉批评;注:原义“擦破皮”。 exclusive [ ??????????? ] adj. 排外的,独占的,完备的 excoriate [ ???????????? ] v. 强烈谴责 excrete [?????????] vt. 分泌,排泄(to separate and discharge (waste matter) from the organs) (反)excrete ◆ absorb/ ingest排泄 ◆ 吸收/摄入 (记)ex+crete(分离)→分泌,排泄 参考:discrete分离的,不连续的 excruciate [?????????????] vt. 施酷刑;折磨(afflict) (反)excruciate ◆ exult 施酷刑 ◆ 使欢跃 (同)afflict, agonize, crucify, torment, torture (记)ex(强调)+cruc(=cross十字架)联想:钉在十字架上是一种酷刑→施酷刑,折磨 参考:crusade十字军东征 cruciform十字形的 exculpate [???????????] vt. 声明无罪;开脱(clear from blame) (类)exculpatory·absolve=hortative·encourage/motivational·stir 辩明无罪的·释放=劝告的·鼓励/激发动机的·激励 alibi·exculpatory=warning·admonitory 借口特点是辩解的=警告特点是警告的(正面特征) (反)exculpate ◆ attribute guilt/ inculpate/ indict 开脱罪责 ◆ 归罪/ 控告 (同)absolve, acquit, disculpate, exonerate, vindicate (记)ex(否定前缀)+ culpate(罪过) 参考:inculpate 治罪,控告 excursive [??????????] adj. 离题的;散漫的(having the nature of digression) (类)digress·excursive=reiterate·redundant 离题·离题的=反复重申·多余的 (记)cursive(潦草马虎的)→离题的 execrate [??????????] v.憎恶;咒骂(curse; express abhorrence for) (反)execrate ◆ laud 咒骂 ◆ 赞美 execrable ◆ commendable 憎恶的 ◆ 值得表扬的 execration ◆ approbation 咒骂 ◆ 嘉许 (同)curse, objurgate, abhor, abominate, detest, loathe,swear, imprecate (记)ex+secrate(=sacred神的,宗教的)→背离神圣→憎恶,咒骂 参考:sacrifice牺牲,供奉 exemplary [???????????] adj.可仿效的;模范的(worthy of imitation; commendable) (类)exemplary·imitation=culpable·blame=notable·attention 模范的·模仿=有罪的·怪罪=著名的·注意(因果关系) emulate·exemplary=obviate·unnecessary 仿效典范的=除去不需要的 exemplify·paradigm=amends·corrective 例示用范例=修正用改正物(corrective :an agent that corrects) exempt [????????] adj. 免除的 vt. 使免除(to free from an obligation to which others are subject) (类)exempt·liability=pardon·penalty 免除债务=宽恕罪过(消除关系) (记)联想:exemple榜样,模范→模范乘车可以免票→免除 exhaust [????????] vt. 耗尽(deplete, drain);使精疲力尽(to wear out completely) (类)infinite·exhaust=discrete·overlap 无穷的不会耗尽=分离的不会重叠 exhausted·rest=thirsty·imbibe 精疲力尽的需要休息=口渴的需要喝水 exhaustive·careful=mesmerized·interesting 详尽的·仔细的=着迷的·有趣的(程度) 【注】exhaustive :treating all parts or aspects without omission;thorough (反)exhaustive ◆ incomplete/partial 彻底的 ◆ 不完全的/部分的 (记)ex(加强)+ haust(谐音:耗死它)→耗尽;使精疲力尽 list 13 exhilarate --------finicky exhilarate [???????????] vt. 使振奋;使兴奋(To cause to feel happily refreshed and energetic;elate) (反)exhilarate ◆ sadden 使兴奋 ◆ 使悲哀 soporific ◆ exhilarating 昏昏欲睡的 ◆ 令人兴奋的 (同)elate, inspire, spirit (up), stimulate (记)ex(表强调)+hilar(= cheerful高兴的)→非常高兴 参考:hilarious高兴的,欢闹的 exhort [???????] v. 劝告;规劝(urge) (类)exhort·suggest=goad·direct 规劝·建议=(像赶牛棒)驱赶·指导 exhortation·encourage=hurl·insult 劝告使鼓励=愤慨地说使侮辱 exhortation·motivate=invective·discredit/obloquy·discredit=persiflage·incite 劝告使有动机=谩骂使丢脸/指责使耻辱=戏弄挖苦使刺激 exhortative·urge=didactic·teach 劝告的·驱策=说教的·教导 (同)urge, goad, prick, prod, prompt, propel, spur (记)ex(加强)+hort(鼓舞)→鼓劲→劝其向上 参考:hortation n. 劝告,鼓励 exigent [ ???????????] adj.紧急的, 迫切的 (反)deferrable 可延期的,可暂缓的 exodus [????????] vt.大批离去(departure) (反)exodus ◆ influx 大批离去 ◆ 流入 (记)将dus看成bus;联想:一群人乘坐大巴离去。 exonerate [???????????] v. 免除责任;确定无罪(acquit; exculpate) (类)exonerate·blame=disentangle/extricate·snarl 免除责任·责备=解开/摆脱·纠缠 (反)exonerate ◆ censure/ incriminate/ inculpate/ prove guilty 免罪 ◆ 责难/控告/证明有罪 (记)ex+oner(= burden负担,责任)→免除责任 参考:onerous费力的,负有法律责任的 exorbitant [????????????] adj. 过度的(excessive) (类)exorbitant·moderation=perfidious·loyalty 过度的·适度=背信弃义的·忠诚(形名反义) (记)ex(偏离)+orbit(轨道)→偏离轨道的→过度的 exotic [????????] adj.外来的,奇异的(not native; strange)n.外国人 (反)exotic ◆ indigenous 外来的 ◆ 本地的 expansive [??????????] adj. 易膨胀的;广阔的;健谈的,外向的;自大狂的 (类)expand·volume=proliferate·number 体积膨胀=数量增加(增加关系) (反)expansive ◆ limited/ reserved/taciturn/withdrawn 广阔的,健谈的 ◆ 有限的/冷漠的/沉默寡言的/性格内向的 (反)expansive ◆ diffident 自大狂的 ◆ 无自信的 【注:diffident 与malicious(恶毒的)同时出现选择diffident】 (例)expansive delusion 自大狂 expediency [?????????????] n. 适合;权宜之计 expedite [??????????] vt.加快(hasten)adj.无阻碍的;迅速的 (类)expedite·process=accelerate·pace 加快进程=加速步伐 (反)expedite ◆ retard 加速 ◆ 减速 expedition [???????????] n.远征;探险队;迅速 (类)expedition·foot dragging=consensus·factionalism 迅速·拖拉=一致同意·党派之争(反义) (反)expedition ◆ foot dragging 迅速 ◆ 脚步拖沓 expendable adj. 可消费(耗)的,不值得保存的,可牺牲的 (例)expendable civilian targets. 可牺牲的平民目标 expendable rocket boosters. 不能再用的助推火箭 expendable personnel 冗员 an expendable source. 可消费的资源 expiate [?????????] vt.补偿 vi.赎罪make amends for (a sin) (类)expiate·guilt=correct·error=repose·fatigue 赎罪·罪行=改正·错误=休息·疲劳(前者消除后者) expire [??????????????] v.期满;终止;断气 (反)expire ◆ come to life断气 ◆ 出生 explicate [ ????????????] 详细说明;详细解释 (记)区别:implicate暗示;牵连 complicate使复杂,使纠缠 explicit [??????????] adj.外在的;清楚的;直率的;结尾的(totally clear; definite) (反)explicit ◆ immanent 外在的 ◆ 内在的 explicit ◆ inchoate 结尾的 ◆ 开始的 explicit ◆ obscure 清晰的 ◆ 模糊的 (记)参考implicit:暗示的,含蓄的 exploit n. 英雄事迹(a notable or heroic act)v. 开发(develop);剥削(use selfishly) (类)exploit·heroic=gaffe·tactless 英雄事迹是英勇的=社交失态是不老练的 exponent [???????????] n.倡导者;阐述者(one that champions, practices, or exemplifies)
(类)pollster·canvass=exponent·advocate 民意测验者·民意调查=倡导者·提倡(正面特征) (记)ex(强调)+ponent(同类) 参考:opponent对手 expostulate [ ?????????????? ] v. 规劝,告诫(argue earnestly to dissuade, correct, or protest) expunge [ ????????? ] v. 擦去(To erase or strike out)完全消除(to eliminate completely) (记)punge刺→刺要完全消除 参考:pungent辛辣的,刺鼻的 expurgate [??????????] v.净化;删去不当处(clean; remove offensive parts of a book)
(类)censor·expurgate=vendor·purvey 检察员·删除=卖主·供应(正面特征) (反)inexpurgate ◆ obliterate 无法除去 ◆ 除去 (记)purge:泄药,净化 exscind [ ek5sind ] vt.割开, 切除, 切断(to cut out, cut away) exsert [ ??????? ] vt.使突出, 使伸出(thrust out, push forth) - 30 - - 30 -