C
In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass tomb. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline—ancient cats that had been mummified and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep.” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer (肥料). One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.
Those were the days of generously funded (资助的) explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get treasure. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.
In the century since then, archaeology (考古学) has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.
“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After looking beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection—a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.” 38. The underlined word “peddled” in Paragraph 1 probably means . A. examined
B. displayed
C. replaced
D. shared
39. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Treasure hunting explorations.
B. Egyptian Royal tombs in desert.
C. Mummified animals in museums. D. Big archaeological discoveries.
40. From the last paragraph, we can learn that Salima Ikram . A. wishes to keep the continuity of pets over history
B. wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them C. believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past D. doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains 41. The passage probably encourages the readers to . 16 / 23
A. make full use of the remains the ancestors left behind B. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of the ancestors
C. pay more attention to the historical and cultural value of ancient remains D. understand there are more the historical remains waiting for explorations 12、（2024北京顺义一模）
C
On a windy day in early March, Fabiano Caruana decides to get away. He drives three hours west from his St. Louis apartment to a 2,000-acre field in the countryside of Missouri owned by a friend.
At 7 ： 30 the next morning, he heads out for an hour-long run with his training partner, Cristian Chirila. As he's jogging, ifs easy to mistake him for a soccer player. He has a packed schedule for the day: a five-mile run, an hour of tennis, half an hour of basket ball, and an hour of swimming.
But Caruana is, in fact, an American grandmaster in chess, the number two player in the world. His training partner, Chirila? A Romanian grandmaster. And they're doing it all to prepare for the physical demands of . . . chess? Yes, chess.
It seems to make no sense. How could two humans一seated for hours, with no greater manner than off and on extending their arms a foot at a time——face physical demands?
In October 2024, Polar, a U. S. based company that tracks heart rates, monitored chess players during a tournament and found that 21-year-old Russian grandmaster Mikhail Antipov had burned 560 calories in two hours—roughly what Roger Federer bums in an hour of tennis.
Grandmasters in competition are subjected to constant stress. That causes their heart and breathing rates to increase, which forces their bodies to produce energy.
Meanwhile, players eat less during tournaments, simply because they don't have the time or the appetite. Stress also leads to disturbed sleep patterns, which in turn cause more tiredness and can lead to more weight loss. A brain operating on less sleep, even just one hour, requires more energy to stay awake during the chess game.
It all combines to produce an average weight loss of 2 pounds a day, or about 10 to 12 pounds over the course of a ten-day tournament.
To fight against the stress, some players have begun to adopt strict food and fitness methods to increase oxygen supply to the brain during tournaments, prevent sugar-related crashes, and sustain their energy. \brain performance are tied together,M Ashley says, a grandmaster and commentator （解说 员）.
So back in Missouri, Caruana and Chirila hole up in the dining room for six hours of chess. Afterward, Caruana
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looks tired. Still, he grabs a handful of nuts and heads out for a final hour of tennis before dinner.
After dinner, he passes on the chocolate pudding pie. \M he says. Last year, Caruana gave up alcohol before the world championship. This time, he has chosen sugar. In his mind, Caruana knows what he has to do: he just needs his body to hold up. 38. What do we know about chess players?
A. They eat dessert for energy during the competition. B. They all have physical training during the tournament. C. Disturbed sleep patterns are common among chess players. D. Playing chess is physically demanding for chess players.
39. Which of the following words can best describe Fabiano Caruana?
A. B. C. D.
Clever and strong.
Humorous and knowledgeable. Determined and ambitious. Straight and honest.
40. Which is NOT a reason for the weight loss of chess players during a tournament?
A. Having little appetite. B. B. Giving up alcohol. C. Sleeping worse.
D. Competing under pressure. 41. What is the best title for the passage?
A. B. C. D.
Train Like a Master
A Day with a Packed Schedule Physical Training Your Choice Get Tied Together
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13 、（2024北京西城一模）
C
Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.
We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前 额皮 层 ) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.
Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.
Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.
Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase. 38、From Paragraph 2, we learn that .
A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation center B. the common consumers always act unreasonably C. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fear D. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing
39、According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?
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A. Creating a festival atmosphere. B. Following the current fashion. C. Preparing more free samples.
D. Offering a bigger discount.
40、Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?
A. They are more reliable. B. They are a sign of social status. C. They make people feel valued.
D. They are favored by most people.
.
41、To avoid overspending, the author suggests we
A. buy in the moment
B. reduce our budget
D. make a plan in advance
C. return unnecessary products 14、（2024北京延庆一模）
C
No longer in the pink
Corals are comeback creatures. As the world froze and melted and sea levels rose and fell over 30,000 years, Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, which is roughly the size of Italy, died and revived five times. But now, thanks to human activity, corals face the most complex condition they have yet had to deal with.
According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change, a rise in global
temperatures of 1.5oC could cause coral reefs to decline 70-90%. The planet is about 1oC hotter than in the 19th century and its seas are becoming warmer, stormier and more acidic. This is already affecting relations between corals and the single-celled algae (海藻), which give them their color. When waters become unusually warm, algae float away, leaving reefs a ghostly white. This “bleaching” is happening five times as often as it did in the 1970s. Meanwhile the changing chemistry of the oceans makes it harder for corals to form their structures.
If corals go, divers and marine biologists are not the only people who will miss them. Reefs take up only a percent of the sea floor, but support a quarter of the planet’s fish diversity. The fish that reefs shelter are especially valuable to their poorest human neighbors, many of whom depend on them as a source of protein. Roughly an eighth of the world’s population lives within 100km of a reef. Corals also protect 150,000km of shoreline in more than 100 countries and territories from the oceans buffeting, as well as generating billions of dollars in tourism revenue.
Coral systems must adapt if they are to survive. They need protection from local sources of harm. Their eco-systems suffer from waste from farms, building sites and blast fishing. Governments need to impose tighter rules on these industrials, such as tougher local building codes, and to put more effort into enforcing rules against overfishing.
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2024北京各区高三一模汇编--阅读理解C篇 - 图文
