interpret speech and gestures; respond appropriately to complex verbal and nonverbal cues; make eye contact; speak conversationally; and adapt to people’s needs by learning from feedback, rewards and criticisms.
In consequence, social robots are filling an ever expanding variety of roles. A 47-inch humanoid called Pepper (from SoftBank Robotics), for instance, recognizes faces and basic human emotions and engages in conversations via a touch screen in its “chest.” About 15,000 Peppers worldwide perform such services as hotel check-ins, airport customer service, shopping assistance and fast-food checkout. Social robots have particular appeal for assisting the world’s growing elderly population. Japan’s PARO Therapeutic (治疗的) Robot, which looks like a lovely seal (海豹), is meant to stimulate and reduce stress for those with Alzheimer’s disease and other patients. Mabu (Catalia Health) engages patients, particularly the elderly, reminding them to take walks and medication. Social robots are also gaining popularity with consumers as toys. Early attempts to incorporate social behavior in toys, such as Hasbro’s Baby Alive and Sony’s AIBO robotic dog, had limited success. But both are resurging, and the most recent version of AIBO has complicated voice and gesture recognition, can be taught tricks and develops new behaviors based on previous interactions.
Worldwide sales of consumer robots reached an estimated $5.6 billion in 2024, and the market is expected to grow to $19 billion by the end of 2025. This trend may seem surprising given that multiple well-funded consumer robot companies, such as Jibo and Anki, have failed. But a wave of robots is lining up to take the place of defunct robots, including BUDDY (Blue Frog Robotics), a big-eyed mobile device that plays games in addition to acting as a personal assistant and providing home automation and security. 38. Paragraph 2 mainly tells us ________.
A. what the features of social robots are
B. what promotes social robots’ engagement with people C. how algorithms are improved to adapt to people’s needs D. how psychological and neuroscientific insights are translated 39. According to Paragraph 3, social robots ________.
A. have a wide range of applications B. have the ability to deal with emergencies C. have a tendency to take the place of humans D. have successfully gained psychological insight 40. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Social robots are designed as personal assistants. B. Robots in industry and medicine need improvement.
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C. Consumer robots have been successful all these years. D. Social robots are popular due to great interactive abilities. 41. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To predict the prospect of social robots. B. To introduce the advances of social robots. C. To report the application of AI in social robots. D. To show the influence of social robots on our life. 5、（2024北京适应一模）
C
A group of blue-faced birds step through the grass shoulder to shoulder, red eyes looking around. They look like middle schoolers seeking a cafeteria table at lunchtime. Perhaps they’re not so different.
A new study, led by Damien Farine, an ornithologist who studies collective behaviour, shows that the vulturine
guineafowl of eastern Africa, like humans, have multilevel societies. In the past, scientists assumed such social structures required a lot of brainpower. But the pea-brained guineafowl are revealing the faults in that assumption.
These large birds wander across the landscape in packs, often walking so closely that their bodies touch. They may fight each other to maintain their strict hierarchies (等级制度), but at other times they engage in friendly behaviours like sharing food.
Suspecting the guineafowl might have a social structure, Dr. Farine and his colleagues began a thorough study of their society. For a whole year, they made daily observations of 441 birds. Coloured leg bands in unique combinations let researchers tell the black-and-blue birds apart. They also attached GPS devices to the backs of 58 birds, which let them see exactly where every group went, 24 hours a day.
The findings of the research suggest that the vulturine guineafowl have a multilevel society. There are groups within groups within the population as a whole. There even seem to be groups of friends within the small groups. This is the first time anyone has observed such a society in a bird.
And Dr. Farine emphasizes this particular bird’s tiny brain size: “They don’t only have small brains relative to mammals ( 哺 乳 动 物 ), they also have quite small brains relative to other birds,” he said.
According to him, living in this kind of society might actually make it easier to keep track of the social order. For example, if groups are stable and a bird can identify just one or two individuals within a group, it knows which group
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it’s looking at—no need for a brain that can recognize every single animal. Multilevel societies also let animals adjust their group sizes based on whatever challenges they’re facing. Depending on what enemies or resources are around, it might make sense to travel in a combined group rather than a smaller one.
“Having a multilevel structure may not require having a large brain,” Dr. Farine said. There may be more birds and other animals out there that, although small-brained, have societies as many-leveled as our own. 38. According to the passage, what inspired Dr. Farine to carry out the study? A. The guineafowl’s social behaviour. B. Previous assumptions about birds. C．His interest in animal brainpower. D．The faults in earlier research. 39. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．The research subjects. C．The research findings.
B．The research methods. D．The research equipment.
40. What can be learned from the passage?
A. Complex social systems can be a disadvantage to the guineafowl. B. The guineafowl are good at recognizing individuals in a group. C．Birds maintain social order by travelling in combined groups. D．Small-brained animals can form multilevel societies. 41.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To present the findings of a study of the guineafowl. B. To explain the interaction patterns in multilevel societies. C. To introduce a new approach to observing the guineafowl. D. To uncover clues about how complex societies are formed. 6、（2024北京海淀一模）
C
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There is certainly evidence that actors experience a blending of their real self with their assumed characters. For instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, \
Mark Seton, a researcher at the University of Sydney, has even coined the term \describe the lasting effects experienced by actors who lose themselves in a role. \the characters they have embodied,\
A recent finding doesn't involve acting, and it indicates that merely spending some time thinking about another person seemed to rub off on the volunteers' sense of self, led by Meghan Meyer at Princeton University. Across several studies, these researchers asked volunteers to first rate their own personalities, memories or physical attributes, and then to perform the same task from the perspective of another person. For instance, they might score the emotionality of various personal memories, and then rate how a friend or relative would have experienced those same events.
After taking the perspective of another, the volunteers scored themselves once again: the consistent finding was that their self-knowledge was now changed-their self-scores had shifted to become more similar to those they'd given for someone else. For instance, if they had initially said the trait term \themselves and then rated the term as being strongly related to a friend's personality, when they came to rescore themselves, they now tended to see themselves as more confident. Remarkably, this morphing of the self with another was still apparent even if a 24-hour gap was left between taking someone else's perspective and re-rating oneself.
\and her colleagues. That our sense of self should have this quality might be a little discouraging, especially for anyone who has struggled to establish a firm sense of identity. Yet there is an optimistic message here, too. The challenge of improving ourselves-or at least seeing ourselves in a more positive light-might be a little easier than we thought. By roleplaying or acting out the kind of person we would like to become, or merely by thinking about and spending time with people who embody the kind of attributes we would like to see in ourselves, we can find that our sense of self changes in desirable ways.
\must make these decisions aware of how they shape not only the fabric of our social networks, but even our sense of who we are.\
38. The first two paragraphs mainly A. state that acting requires skills B. explain the stress that an actor faces C. show that a role leaves a mark on the actor D. stress the importance of devoting oneself to a role
39. What does the underlined phrase \
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.
A. Influence. B. Strengthen. C. Confuse. D. Determine. .
40. According to the study, taking the perspective of another person A. brings changes to one's self-knowledge B. motivates one to better understand himself C. helps people deal with their identity problems D. produces temporary effects on one's character 41. What is the significance of the study?
A. It offers instructions on making friends. B. It proposes a means to improve ourselves. C. It gives advice on adjusting one's emotions. D. It presents a way to deal with stress disorder. 7、（2024北京门头沟一模）
C
New study shows rapid decline in insect populations. A growing number of the Earth's insect population now can be seen only in collections on exhibitions. Nobody's seen those for 400 years. A new review of over 70 studies of insect populations suggests that human pressures are causing insect populations to plummet by as much as a quarter every decade. The loss of species is inevitably concerning because often we don’t know what those species are doing or we don’t know what other species are depending on them.
Insects make up the largest class of animals on earth and represent more than half of all known living creatures. They are incredibly diverse, and in many ways make life on Earth possible. But when we decrease the number of species, we're destroying ecosystem function. Why does that matter? It is because that it's ecosystems that support humans. But those life-support systems that keep us alive, even if we live in a city, are produced by healthy ecosystems. And none of these ecosystems will run well without insects. Bees and butterflies pollinate(授粉) our food, flowers and trees. They feed all kinds of larger animals, including humans. A large number of crops we eat and rely on are pollinated by insects, so we can’t imagine a world where that pollination process is not taking place.
And there are some cases already around the world where we are having to pollinate by hand, at huge cost, a huge economic cost, simply because the insects aren’t there to do the work that we would normally ask them to do for free. And in some cases, if you’re talking about food crops, just try to imagine the scale of what the world would look like if insects weren't doing that for us. One big warning, all of the studies come from industrialized countries in Europe and North America. In some areas, the decline is even more rapid. According to one recent study, the number
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2024北京各区高三一模汇编--阅读理解C篇 - 图文
