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建筑环境测试技术答案(方修睦版)

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第二章

4 、解:绝对误差 ?x?x?A0?0.32?0.326??0.006Mpa

?0.006?100%??0.18%

A0.326?x?0.006示值相对误差 ?x??100%??100%??1.88%

x0.32实际相对误差 ?A??x?100%?绝对误差 ?x?x?A0?43.7?43.2?0.5mh

30.5?100%?1.16%

A43.2?x0.5示值相对误差 ?x??100%??100%?1.14%

x43.7实际相对误差 ?A??x?100%?5 、解:示值误差 ?x?x?A0?x?A 示值相对误差 ?A?示值引用误差 ?m??xxxm?100% ?100%

?xm0.2、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.5、5.0) 精度级别 S?100?m(S?0.1、6、解:示值误差 ?x?x?A0?x?A?24.95?25.0??0.05℃ 示值相对误差 ?A?示值引用误差 ?m?

?xxxm?100%=?0.05?100%??0.20% 24.95?xm?100%

在25℃时,?m??xmxm?100%=?0.05??0.20% 25.07 、解:绝对误差?xm??m?xm??8mA?10mA

0.1?10??0.01A??10mA 100故该表合格

8、解:绝对误差 ?x?x?A?48-50??2V 在50V时,引用误差 ?xm??m?xm???x??xm

2.5?50??1.25V 100故不合格

9、解:第一根管道的示值相对误差

?x1??xx?100%=0.002?100%?0.851% 0.235第二根管道的示值相对误差 ?x2??x1??x2

?xx?100%=0.004?100%?0.47% 0.855故第二根管道测量效果好

10、解:绝对误差 ?x?x?A?0.520?0.525??0.005Mpa

?0.005?100%??0.95%

A0.525?x?0.005示值相对误差 ?x??100%??100%??0.96%

x0.520实际相对误差 ?A??x?100%?15、解:随机误差在±σ的概率:

p??i??????1????2??e??22?2gd??0.6826

随机误差在±2σ的概率:

p??i?2????2?1?2???2??e??22?2gd??0.9544

随机误差在±3σ的概率:

p??i?3????3?1?3???2??e??22?2gd??0.9973

16、解:单次测量均方根误差的贝塞尔公式:

1n21n??vi?(xi?x)2 ??n?1i?1n?1i?117、解:平均值x?29.18?29.24?29.27?29.25?29.26?29.24

5单次测量均方根误差

1n21n??vi?(xi?x)2??n?1i?1n?1i?12221??29.18?29.24???29.24?29.24???29.27?29.24????18 ?225?1???29.25?29.24???29.26?29.24?????0.0354均方根误差σ=1.2;n=16 平均值均方根误差?x?22、解:平均值

1n1x??xi???0.507?8?0.438?5?0.381?2?0.371?8?0.350?13?0.402?20??0.403ni?156?n?1.2?0.3 16 均方根误差

1n??(xi?x)2?n?1i?12221?8??0.507?0.403??5??0.438?0.403??2??0.381?0.403??? ???22256?1?8??0.371?0.403??13??0.350?0.403??20??0.402?0.403?????0.0502算术平均值的标准差

?x??n?0.0502?0.0067 56测量结果x?x?3?x?0.403?0.020 即x??0.383,0.423? (Q2:用不用去除粗大误差?) 23、解:间接测量的标准差:

??f???f?2??f???f?2?y?????x2i????x21????????xn ?x2?x?x?x?xi?1?i??1??2??n?n2222取y得极限误差?y=3σy,则 绝对误差:

??f???f???f?222?y?3?y????3?x1???3?x????????3?xn? ??2???x1???x2???xn?222相对误差:

??f??3?xn???f??3?x1???f??3?x2??y??????????????????? y??x1??y???x2??y???xn??y?22222227、解:f?x3y 2?f????x2????y??x?y??????f?2??f?2?3x2?x3?22y?x????2y??y??2?2?23?222?3?2?3?0.1????0.2?23??2.1292??22

28、解:A?VIt?10.330?120.7?603.2?752088.459

??A?2??A?2??A?2?A????V????I????t??V????I???t??222222?It??V2??Vt??I2??VI??t222?10.330?603.2?2?0.32??120.7?603.3??0.0152??120.7?10.330??0.22?2179.3560

A??A?752088.459?2179.3560

(Q3:原题中I?I??IORI?I?3?I?)

29、解:Q的相对误差 ?Q???2?I??R??t????2?1%?1%?5%???8% 30

W

?W???2?U??R??t????2?1%?0.5%?1.5%???4%

32、解:3.14159?3.142 2.71729?2.717 4.51050?4.511

3.21652?3.217

5.6234?5.623 6.378501?6.379 7.691499?7.691

33、解:?1?60.4?2.0?0.2?0?62.6

?2?10.28?15.01?8.70?33.99

?3?517?0.279517.4?0.279?35.4或?35.36 4.084.0826.0?102?0.32603?0.32?48或?48.1 ?4?4.04.01?5?665.6 ?6?6037 ?7?2.19 ?8?6.285 ?9?0.3010 ?10?4.663

35、解:

n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 计算值

(1) 求出算术平均值x?100.753; (2) 计算Vi,并列于表中; (3) 计算标准差:

xi 100.47 100.54 100.60 100.65 100.73 100.77 100.82 100.90 101.01 101.04 x?100.753 vi -0.28 -0.21 -0.15 -0.10 -0.02 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.26 0.29 vi2 0.0801 0.0454 0.0234 0.0106 0.0005 0.0003 0.0045 0.0216 0.0660 0.0824 2v?i?0.3348 ?vi?0.00

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