Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词 写作词汇 1.regret n. vt. 2.pest n. 3.soil n. 4.root n. 5.focus n. vt. 6.reduce vt. 7.comment n. vi.& vt. 8.underline vt. 拓展词汇
9.confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的→confusion n．迷惑
10.chemical adj.化学的；关于化学的→chemistry n．化学→chemist n．化学家；药剂师 11.production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产；制造→producer n．生产者；制片人 12.discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉；观察，观测 13.summary n．总结；摘要；概要→summarize vt.总结；概述 阅读词汇 14.organic adj. 15.fertilizer n. 16.bacteria n．
有机的；器官的；组织的 肥料；化肥
(bacterium的复数形式) 遗憾；懊悔 遗憾；惋惜 害虫；害兽；害鸟 土壤 根；根源 焦点；中心点 集中；聚焦 减少；减缩 评论；议论 表达意见；作出评论 画底线标出；强调
17.nutrition n. 18.mineral n. 19.skim vt. 20.industrial adj. 21.soybean n. 重点短语 1.in__need__of 2.build__up 3.lead__to 4.in__addition 5.focus__on
6.keep...free__from/of 重点句型
细菌
营养；滋养；食物 矿物；矿石 浏览；略读 工业的；产业的 大豆
需要
逐渐增强；建立；开发 导致；造成(后果) 另外
集中(注意力、精力等)于 使……免受(影响、伤害等)； 使……不含(有害物)
1.现在完成进行时：Recently, however, scientists have__been__finding(一直发现) that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
2.现在分词短语作结果状语：Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making__it__ready(使……准备好) for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.
3.动名词作表语：You want to sell your “green food”， but the problem is letting__people__know__about(让人们知道) your food and how good it is.
Ⅰ Fast-reading
Match the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Problems caused by chemical fertilizers. Para.2 B．Farmers and customers turn to organic farming.
Para.3 C．Long-term use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and people’
s health.
Para.4 D．Other methods to keep the soil fertile. 答案：CABD Ⅱ Careful-reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．From the passage, we can see organic farmers are those who ________． A．grow crops with chemical fertilizers B．grow crops with natural fertilizers C．produce organic fertilizers D．care for the environment
2．From the fourth paragraph, we know that ________． A．it’s not good to plant grass between crops B．peanuts use the surface of soil
C．peas and soybeans should be grown together with corn and wheat D．vegetables that put down deep roots are harmful to the soil 3．________ so that the soil may not get exhausted. A．Farmers grow the same crops year after year B．Farmers use natural fertilizers
C．Farmers change crops every two or three years D．Farmers use chemical fertilizers
4．How many ways do the organic farmers have to keep their soil fertile and healthy? A．3. C．5. 答案：1－4.BBCB
B．4. D．6.
①chemical['kemIkl]adj.化学的；关于化学的 ②organic[??'ɡ?nIk]adj.有机的；器官的；组织的 organic farming有机耕作 ③fertilizer['f??tIlaIz?]n.肥料；化肥 ④production[pr?'d?k?n]n.生产；制造
⑤bacteria[b?k'tI?rI?]n.(bacterium[b?k'tI?rI?m]的复数形式)细菌 ⑥pest[pest]n.害虫；害兽；害鸟 ⑦wash off洗掉
⑧build up逐渐增强；建立；开发 ⑨lead to导致；造成(后果)
⑩nutrition[nju?'trI?n]n.营养；滋养；食物 nutritious[nju'trI??s]adj.有营养的，营养丰富的 ?mineral['mIn?r?l]n.矿物；矿石 ?discovery[dI'sk?v?rI]n.发现；发觉
?focus on(＝concentrate on)集中(注意力、精力等)于 focus['f??k?s]n.焦点；中心点 vt.集中；聚焦 ?soil[s?Il]n.土壤
?reduce[rI'dju?s]vt.减少；减缩 ?fertile['f??taIl]adj.肥沃的；富饶的 ?keep...free from/of
使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物) ?soybean['s?Ibi?n]n.(＝soyabean)大豆 ?root[ru?t]n.根；根源
【核心素养链接】 有机耕作的特点
1．庄稼品种：选择合适的品种，如抗病、抗虫品种。 2．栽培方式：轮作、间作、套作。
3．耕作技术：改进耕作技术，也可适时采用免耕等技术。
4．田间管理：注意不使用化学合成肥料、农药、植物生长调节剂等。 ①肥料：使用有机肥(腐殖质管理)和豆科植物(利用互利共生原理固氮)。
②病虫害管理：物理防治(如黄板诱杀某些害虫、黑光灯诱杀某些害虫)和生物防治(利用天敌防治害虫)。
③除草：不使用除草剂，可采用中耕除草等传统方法。 5．与养殖业关系：使用农作物秸秆或青饲料饲养动物。 6．其他：提高生态系统的生物多样性。
CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?
Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production
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③
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.Recently，however，scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause
damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
◆“over the past＋时间段”常与现在完成时连用；动词-ing短语using chemical fertilizers在此作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆此处使用了现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，而且还会继续进行。 What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteriaand pestsas well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time.This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutritionB10.They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals?.
◆过去分词短语caused by chemical fertilizers作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which are caused by chemical fertilizers。
◆本句中过去分词短语grown with chemical fertilizers作后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which are grown with chemical fertilizers；本句中还包含一个“too...to...”结构，表示“太……而不能……”。
With these discoveries?， some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on? keeping their soil? rich and free of disease.A healthy soil reduces? disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile
?
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⑨
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.This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from?chemicals.
Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans?. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots? .Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil，and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal：to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health．
◆动词不定式短语to keep the soil fertile作目的状语；其中keep the soil fertile是“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
◆the next year与peas or soybeans之间省略了growing。
2024-2024学年人教版英语必修四新素养同步讲义：Unit 2 Working the land 3 Section Word版含答案
