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2017小升初英语语法复习(精) 

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4. 反意疑问句 反意疑问句是在陈述句的后面,对陈述句所说的事实或看法提出疑问的句子。朗读时,陈述句部分用降调,附加疑问句既可以用升调亦可以用降调。 1. 肯定陈述句+否定结构的附加疑问句 反意疑问句的结构 2. 否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加疑问句 1. 附加疑问句的主语必须和陈述句的 主语一致。当陈述句的主语是名词时, 附加疑问句的主语必须使用相应的人附加疑问句的结构 称代词。 2. 附加疑问句的时态必须和陈述句的时态保持一致。 3. 附加疑问句如果是否定结构,必须用缩写形式。 反意疑问句的回答 反意疑问句用yes或no来回答。如果陈述句部分的内容是事实,就用yes,后面相应地用肯定结构;反之,用no,后面跟否定结构。 卓尔不凡,超越自我 You know him, don’t you? (陈述句) (附加疑问句) Horses can’t fly, can they? We were late, weren’t we? He visited you last night, didn’t he? Candy can’t speak French, can he? Jim and Tim are twins, aren’t they? They went to the cinema, didn’t they? It’s raining outside, isn’t it? --You can speak Spanish, can’t you? --Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 总结:陈述句,简略问句?,前肯后否,前否后肯,主语一致,时态一致,用事实说话。常见的否定及半否定词:never, hardly, few, little, seldom, nothing, none等。

第十七章 祈使句

一、什么是祈使句?

用来表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。如: Be careful! Open the door.

Turn left and then go straight.

祈使句通常没有主语,句子的末尾使用句号或感叹号,朗读时一般用降调。 二、祈使句的种类 1. 表示请求

Close the window, please! Please put it on the table. 2. 表示命令

Stop talking! Clean the classroom immediately. 3. 表示提醒或警告 Be careful! The soup is hot.

Look out! The car is coming!

4. 表示禁止No photos. No spitting! No smoking/ fishing/ swimming! 5. 表示邀请 Come on and join us! Help yourself to some fish, please! 三、祈使句的构成: (do型, be型, let型) 1. 祈使句中的人名或称呼语不是句子的主语。如:

Be a good boy, Tom. (其中Tom不是主语,只是称呼。)

2. 肯定句的祈使句开头也可以用do表示强调。如:Do sit straight. 坐直。 1、do型

肯定式:动词原形 do 否定式:don’t (never) + 动词原形do

Billy, get up at once. Wash your hands before the meal。 Don’t be late. Never mind.

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卓尔不凡,超越自我 2、be型

肯定式:be +其他 否定式:don’t (never) + be Be carefully to do it, please.

Don’t be late next time.Chant: 祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。

用\的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点: 一、\的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用\(见例(1));如果宾语是第一人称,则用\(见例(2)): (1) Don't let this type of things happen again. (2) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 二、\只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: (1) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (2) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、\后头除了是不带\的不定式动词 (The infinitive without \之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等: (1) Let the puppy out. (2) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (3) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (4) Let me alone, please. 四、用\时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用\时,并不包括对方,如: (1) Let's try it, shall we? (2) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(1)里的\和(2)里的\,不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。

第十八章 感叹句

一、什么是感叹句?

表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句。如: How clever the boy is! What a clever boy he is! 二、感叹句的构成(一般由how和what引导)

1. how引导的感叹句—How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语

How wide the road is! How colourful the balloons are!

How fast time flies! How well she sings!

2. what引导的感叹句—What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语

What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数(或不可数名词)+ 主语 + 谓语 What an interesting film it is! What expensive clothes they are! What pleasant weather it is!

What a fine day it is! = What fine weather it is! 三、速记口诀

感叹句,并不难,what、how放句前; 强调名词用what,其余用how很简单。

1. 意义相同的感叹句,既可以用how来引导,亦可以用what来引导。如:How interesting the story is! What

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卓尔不凡,超越自我 an interesting story it is!

2. How和What引导的感叹句,后面的主语和谓语都可以省略。如:How sweet it is!=How sweet!What a cool boy he is!=What a cool boy!

第十九章 There be句型

一、什么是There be 结构?

There be 结构表示―某处有某物或某人‖,常用―There be + 名词 + 地点/时间状语‖的结构。 二、There be 结构的用法 1. 肯定结构

(1)There is + 单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点/时间状语

There is a bag on the chair. 椅子上有个书包。 There is some water in the glass. 杯子里有些水。 (2)There are + 复数名词 + 地点/时间状语

There are some geese on the lake. 湖面上有几只鹅。

there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句中的主语是某人某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与离它最近的那个名词保持一致。如:

There is a student in the teachers’ office.

There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 2. 否定结构—在be后加 ‖not (any)‖ 或 ―no‖。如:

There are no chairs in the room. / There are not any chairs in the room. 3. 一般疑问结构—把there 和 be 的位臵互换。如:

Is there a chair in the room? Are there any apple trees in the garden? 肯定式:There are a lot of deer in the forest. 否定式:There are not any deer in the forest. 疑问式:Are there any deer in the forest?

4. 特殊疑问句—用what,how many/ much 来提问。如: There are 3 bottles of water in the fridge. (就划线部分提问) What’s in the fridge?

There are three girls in the classroom. (就划线部分提问) How many girls are there in the classroom?

There be 句型可用于各种一般时态和完成时时态。如: There was a meeting yesterday.

There will be a party in the garden tonight. There has been no rain today.

第二十章 非谓语动词

一.动名词

动名词作主语的句型

1)Doing...+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

2)have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in)+doing have作有解时,后接情感名词(in可省略),再接动名词。这类词还有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 例如:We had difficulty (in) carrying out the plan.我们执行计划有困难。 3)feel like + 名词 感觉像动名词 ― 想要‖ =would like to +原形动词 I feel like a newborn baby.我感觉像一个新生的婴儿。 Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?

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卓尔不凡,超越自我 I don't feel like studying tonight.今晚我不想读书。

4) spend/waste time doing sth.

They spent a lot time (in) making preparations.他们花了许多时间作准备。

5)在require后只能用动名词,不能用不定式,尽管表示被动的意思也要用动名词的主动形式。 This problem requires studying with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。 6)cannot help doing sth.忍不住(做什么)

I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. 7)stop sb from doing sth 二.现在分词 有关分词句型

1)在表示感觉和心里状态的动词see,hear,feel,smell,listen(to),notice,observe,smell,watch这类表示感觉的动词之后常跟―宾语+现在分词‖的复合结构,这种动词与分词之间的宾语可以是普通名词或专有名词(人各等),也可以是代词宾格(him,us等)。例如:

She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.她闻到有东西在燃烧并看到有烟升起来了。 I watched them rehearsing the play.我看他们排演戏。

I could feel the wind blowing on my face.我能感觉到风在我脸上吹过。

3)go +现在分词表示―从事…‖之意,这时现在分词做主语补语。go之后所接现在分词均表示短暂而又愉快的户外活动。如:jogging慢跑,fishing钓鱼,dancing跳舞,skating溜冰,bowling打保龄球,shopping 购物,sightseeing游览,camping露营。 I’ll go camping tomorrow.我明天去露营。 I’ll go shopping.我去商店。

Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰吗? 4)be busy + v-ing(现在分词)忙着做…

I am busy writing my thesis.我正忙着写论文。

His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers.他的助教忙于批阅考卷。 或者be busy with + n.忙着做某事。 He is busy with his work.他忙着工作。 三. 动词不定式

(1)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)

forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) 2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事

3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing记得做过某事(已做) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾

regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5)try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算,有意要… mean doing意味着

7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)

8) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念 (注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。例如: I should like to see him tomorrow.

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卓尔不凡,超越自我 (2)不带to的不定式

1)在表示生理感觉的动词后的不定式不带to。这类词有:

feel觉得 watch注视 listen to听 notice注意 see看见 look at看 hear听 On seeing the young child fell into the lake,Eric sprang to his feet,and went on the rescue. 2)另一类是某些使役动词,如make, let,have等。如: Let him do it.让他做吧。

I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。 (注):

①上述感觉动词与使役动词转换为被动结构时.其后的不定式一般需带to,如: He was seen to come.

The boy was made to go to bed early.

②在动词find与help之后,不定式可带to亦可不带to,如: He was surprised to find the sheep (to) break fence at this season.他发现羊在此季节越出栅栏,感到惊讶。 1.I heard him __the door

A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. being locking 2.They stopped ___, but now I’m getting interested.

A.listening B.to listen C. listen D. having listening 3.How about ____ there?

A. to go B. go C. going D.to going

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2017小升初英语语法复习(精) 

4.反意疑问句反意疑问句是在陈述句的后面,对陈述句所说的事实或看法提出疑问的句子。朗读时,陈述句部分用降调,附加疑问句既可以用升调亦可以用降调。1.肯定陈述句+否定结构的附加疑问句反意疑问句的结构2.否定陈述句+肯定结构的附加疑问句1.附加疑问句的主语必须和陈述句的主语一致。当陈述句的主语是名词时,附加疑问句的主
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