卓尔不凡，超越自我 e.g. There is a mountain between the two cities. / His handwriting is the best among us three. 7. above, below over 与 under
above 高于 over 上方
不一定是垂直关系 一定指垂直关系 below 低于 under 下方
The plane was flying above the clouds. 飞机正在运上飞行。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
It’s very hot today. Let’s sit under the tree. Shall I write the sentence below the line? 8. at + 门牌 + 街道. in + 街道
e.g. at 88 Chang’an Street 在长安街88号 in Chang’an Street 在长安街
第四节 介词的其他用法
1. about, on 关于… about (简单)，on (科技学术)
e.g. They want to buy a book on AIDS.
2. in ① in+语言：用某种语言 in English
② in+-颜色（衣服）穿着，颜色衣服 in red
③ in+材料, 表示用…材料, in pencil 意思是用铅（材料）写的字，注意pencil前若有冠词a
的话，前应用with。
with+工具，表示用…，with a pen 用钢笔。 3. on, through, over 通过…方式
learn English through TV. 通过电视学习英语。 hear it over the radio. 从收音机里听说这件事的。 learn English on the radio. 通过收音机里学习英语。
Watch the football match on television 通过电视看足球赛。
4. besides, except
besides 除了… 以外，还有 (― + ‖) except (―－‖) 除了…
We can speak Chinese except Tom. Besides Tom, we can swim, too.
5. 表乘某种交通工具有两种方法：
A. by + 交通工具 = B. 介词 + 冠词 (物主代词) + 交通工具 by bus = on the (his) bus.
go to…on foot = walk to + 地点 go to…by plane = fly to + 地点 go to…in a car = drive to + 地点
6. with one’s help.= with the help of sb.
With the help of you I have finished this work well. (在……帮助下)
We write with pens. (用工具)
We eat with our mouth, see with our eyes. (用) I know the boy with the name Tom. (叫……名) The girl with long hair is my friend. (长着) The boy is running with a kite. (随着)
The man with a little boy is Mr Li. (带着) Please give me a cup of tea with sugar (带有) Don’t play with the cat. (玩弄，玩耍) I live with my daughter. (与……一起)
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with no = without
第五节 介词短语
1. at the end of +时间 在…结束的时候；
+地点：在…尽头
by the end of +时间，到…末为止 常与完成时态连用 in the end: 最后，单独使用
2. in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院工作等
第十一章 过去进行时
1. What were you doing at six yesterday? I was drawing.
2. When I was doing the housework., my husband phoned me from the office. 3. He cut himself, while he was shaving.
一、定义：表示过去某一时刻/过去的一段时间里正在进行的状态或动作。
I was watching TV when she came to see me.
Mum was doing some washing yesterday evening.
否：Mum was not (wasn’t) doing some washing yesterday evening. 疑：Was mum doing some washing yesterday evening? 二、结构
肯：主语 + was (were) + 现在分词… 否：主语 + wasn’t / weren’t + 现在分词… 疑：was (were) + 主语 + 现在分词…? 答：Yes, 主语 + was / were. No, 主语 + wasn’t (weren’t) was, were根据主语决定。 三、标志性时间状语： 过去某时刻：at this time yesterday, at that time,then, at 9 last night.
过去一段时间from…to last night,those days
四、用法：1.过去某时刻What were you doing at six yesterday? I was drawing. (常用于单句中) 即at+过去时间点
2. 表过去某段时间内一直持续的动作，常和those days等连用。 He was writing a novel those days.
3. 一般过去时和过去进行时常出现在一个句子里。(复合句中) The students were doing exercises when the teacher came in. 延续时间较短的用一般过去时,延续时间较长的用过去进行时。 注意：从句是一般过去时只能用when，不用while.
4. 表主句和从句同时进行的过去的动作，常用连词 while.
My granny was cooking while I was washing my face yesterday.
总结：一般过去时强调过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，过去进行时强调过去某个时间正在进行的动作。
第十二章 形容词和副词 第一节 形容词（adj.）
一、定义：用来形容人或事物特点的词。 二、形容词的作用：
1. 作定语：e.g. ① It’s an interesting book. ② a red apple 2. 作表语：用在系动词后：
be动词，五感动词 (smell, taste, sound, look, feel) 和 get, become, turn 后 + adj 作表语。
e.g. ① She is angry.
② Mary is tall. The food tastes delicious. The silk feels soft.
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3. 作宾语补足语。 ① We should keep our classroom tidy and clean. ② We should make our country beautiful and strong. 三、貌似adv. 的adj。 lonely (孤独的),friendly (友好的), lively (生动的),lovely (可爱的), deadly (致命的)等。 四、复合形容词。
He is an eleven- year- old boy. 数--单名作定语good- looking好看的， warm- hearted热心的， middle-aged中年的
五、多个adj的排序问题。 口诀：美、小、圆、旧、黄、法国、木、书房。 一张小的圆木桌。 a small round wooden table. 一件黑色的旧大衣。 an old black coat.
六、以 –ing 和 –ed结尾的adj用法区别：
Jane is bored because her job is boring.
Julia thinks maths is very interesting because she is interested in maths. boring I’m bored with my job. interesting I’m not interested in my job any more. My job is tiring I’m always tired when I do my homework. satisfying I’m not satisfied with my job. depressing My job makes me depressed.
通过以上例子发现，当修饰人或人作主语时用 –ed，当修饰物或物作主语时用 –ing。
第二节 副词（adv.）
一、副词的构成：
许多adv来源于adj, 在adj词尾后加上 –ly而成。这些adj向adv转换遵循两个规则： 1. 在adj后直接 + ly.
quick — quickly sudden — suddenly rapid — rapidly warm — warmly 2. 以―辅 +y‖ 结尾的adj, 把y变i, 再加-ly.
thirsty — thirstily hungry — hungrily angry — angrily happy — happily ready — readily hearty — heartily
3. 去e加ly： terrible—terribly
二、adv的作用。
1. 修饰 v. 表示行为或动作的方式。 He listens carefully.
Please speak quietly. Tom looked at me sadly. She speaks English perfectly. 2. 修饰adj. It was terribly dry. I’m terribly sorry. 3. 修饰其他 adv. He sings very well.
第三节 形容词、副词的特殊用法
1. enough. 足够地
She shouldn’t get married yet. She’s not old enough.
The English and Maths papers weren’t easy enough for me. (新一L103) ★enough用在adj和adv之后。 2. too…to… 太……而不能……
She is not old enough to get married. = She is too young to get married. ★too + adj / adv + to… 太…而不能 3. so / so...that... 如此……以至于……
The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.
I was so tired that I fell asleep. The story was so stupid. 总结：so...that / so 后 + adj / adv.
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卓尔不凡，超越自我 4. It is important for us to learn English.
I found it difficult for me to sing English songs. 总结： It is + adj (for sb) to do sth
主 + v. + it + adj to do sth 两个句型。即it 作形式主语/形式宾语adj的考点。
第四节 adj与adv的比较级，最高级
adj与adv比较级，最高级的构成一样。 一、规则变化。
口诀：直、去、双、变、加。
1. long → longer few → fewer young → younger weak → weaker low → lower hard → harder 规则变化，直接 + er/est。
2. nice → nicer large → larger wide → wider fine → finest safe → safer 以e结尾，直接 + r/st。
3. big → bigger hot → hotter thin → thinner fat → fatter wet → wetter red → redder 以一个辅音字母+一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母结尾，双写末尾辅音字母 +er/est。
4. heavy → heavier early → earlier busy → busier dirty → dirtier easy → easier hungry → hungrier 以一个辅音字母 + y结尾，y变i + er/est。
5. difficult → more difficult useful → more useful careful → more careful quietly → more quietly slowly → more slowly more / most + 双音节或多音节词 6. 特殊变化： clever→ cleverer, cleverest 二、不规则变化。(好，坏，多，少，远，老)
good / well → better → best bad / badly / ill → worse → worst many / much → more → most little → less → least
far → farther → farthest（表距离） → further → furthest（表程度）
old → older → oldest ； → elder → eldest（只作定语，如：elder sister姐姐）
第五节 adj/adv比较级、最高级用法
一、原级用法：
English is as important as Chinese. It’s not as good as the expensive one. (L111) 它没有那个价钱高的好。
He is as busy as a bee. I get up as early as you do. Luckily, the weather is not so bad as yesterday. This is not so/as good as that one. 总结：(1) 原级比较用 as...as... (肯) ...not so/as...as... (否) (2) ... as + adj / adv 原级 ... as ... 二、比较级常用句型。
1. It’s smaller than the blue one. (L107) The blue suitcase is heavier than the brown one. (L108) I’m taller than she. Mary runs faster than Tom. It’s much colder than yesterday.
He did his homework more carefully than her.
He runs much faster than Tom.
This problem is much more difficult than that one.
总结：(1) 口诀：than前必用比较级；见二就用比较级。
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卓尔不凡，超越自我
甲 + be + 比较级 + than + 乙
(2) 句型:
甲 + 谓.v + 比较级 + than + 乙
(3) 比较级前可用 much, even, still, a bit, a little 修饰可加强语气。
2. It’s getting colder and colder.
Mary is getting more more beautiful. The students study harder and harder. ★―比较级 + and + 比较级‖ 越来越…
3. The more careful you are, the less mistakes you would make. the sooner, the better. 越快越好。
★―the + 比较级, the + 比较级。‖越…越… 三、比较级中特殊点。
1. 比较级前不加the, 但在下面的句型中，比较级前加the。
He is the more careful of two engineers. He is the better dancer of the two. ★―甲 + 谓语v. + the + 比较级 + of the two + …‖ 两者中较… 2. 试比较：
Chongqing is larger than any other city in China.
(重庆属于中国的范围，用……than any other + 单.n) Shanghai is larger than any city in Africa.
(非洲的城市不包括上海，用…than any + 单n.) 四、最高级中常见句型。
1. He is the tallest boy in the class. He is the tallest boy of the students.
口诀：见三就用最高级。adj. 最高级前 + the，而adv最高级前the可省去。 In / of用法区别口诀：同类的用of, 不同类的用in。
2. She is one of the most beautiful girls in the school. Lily is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
★ ―主语 + 谓语v. + one of the + 最高级 + 复数n. + in / of 短语‖
第十三章 连词
一、定义： 连词是连接单词、短语或句子的一种词。（连词不能独立担当任何句子成分，而只起连接作用。） 二、常见连词：
and, both...and, not only...but also, neither...nor, or, either...or, but, for, so, when, after, before, as soon as, if, although/though, because，until, not,,,until, so…that, so that and—和 表并列和对称 I like basketball, football and table tennis. or（或者，还是） 表示选择 Do you come to school by bike or by bus? or（否则） 表示转折Hurry up,or you will be late. both...and...(两者都......) 加强和明确and的连接作用 Both Tom and Jimmy are interested in computer.
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【注意】 1.在并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。如： I don’t like coffee or tea. 我既不喜欢喝咖啡也不喜欢喝茶。 I like coffee and tea. 我喜欢喝咖啡和茶。 2.双重否定也要用and。如： We can’t live without air and water.
2017小升初英语语法复习（精）
