段中最差的地段，从而，城区边缘的地段将是城市的劣等地段，城区边缘的住房将是城市的劣等住房。从而，某年城区边缘的住房的有用性，往往可视为该年的劣等住房的有用性。从而，公式（6）就表示，当、保持不变时，住房价格将与城区边缘的住房的有用性成反比，这表示，城区边缘的交通条件、生活设施等的改善将导致城市中房价的下降。①
虽然当前的文献没有注意到上述“城区边缘的交通条件、生活设施等的改善，将导致城市中房价的下降”这一房价现象，但是，该价格现象是普遍存在的。例如，以北京市为例。在13号地铁线和8号地铁线建成以前，由于通州、上地等城区边缘地段交通条件较差②，导致在市中心的住房和城区边缘的住房做选择时，消费者宁愿花费高价购买市中心的住房，也不愿意花低价购买通州、上地等城区边缘的住房，结果北京城区中心的住房的升值压力很大。而当北京市建成了地铁13号线，地铁8号线之后，大大改善了通州、上地等城市边缘的交通条件，此时，居民就开始考虑到通州、上地等城市边缘地段买房，从而一定程度上缓解了城区中心住房的升值压力。也即地铁线的建成改善了城区边缘的交通条件，产生了降低城区中心住房价格的作用（或者减缓城区中心住房升值的作用）。
根据公式（6），我们可知，积极改善城市周边待开发地段的交通条件、生活设施等，将有助于降低城市房价。
七、总结
在同一种商品之间价格之比等于有用性之比、市场处于长期竞争均衡等条件下，不同等级土地上生产的同一种商品之间存在差异时的价格决定理论可用公式来表示，其 中为劣等地生产的商品的有用性，为劣等地生产单位商品成本。 ① 城区边缘交通条件、生活设施等的改善，意味着住房有用性U0的提高。由于U、C0保持不变时，城市住房价格P与有用性U0成反比，此时，有用性U0的提高将导致住房价格P的下降。从而，在其他条件不变（U、C0保持不变）时，城区边缘交通条件、生活设施的改善，将导致城市住房价格的下降。 ② 根据本文的住房有用性的定义，可知住房的有用性是交通条件等因素的一个函数，且交通条件越好，住房有用性越高，交通条件越差，住房有用性越低。
利用不同等级土地上生产的同一种商品之间存在差异时的价格决定理论，城市住房的价 格模型可用公式来表示，其中为劣等住房的有用性，为劣等住房生产成本。
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The Reformation of Marx’s Price Determination Theory in Land Rent Theory and Its Application in Urban House Price
Wang, Linhai Meng, Qingguo
( Tsinghua University )
Abstract: After we reformed Marx’s price determination theory in land rent theory, we found that there hides one important commodity price formula in land rent theory, which is.
Using price formula hiding in land rent theory, we get to know that urban house price can be represented by price formula.
Key Words: Land Rent Theory; Commodity Price formula; House Price Model; JEL Classification: B10, B12, B14
(定价策略)对古典地租理论中价格决定理论的扩展及其在房价理论模型中的应用.
