非谓语动词之动名词
在英语中，不能单独作谓语而具有除谓语动词以外的语法功能的动词叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分：动名词、动词不定式、分词（现在/过去分词）。非谓语动词的否定式是在非谓语动词前直接加not。 动名词既具有动词的特征，又具有名词的句法功能。其形式是：doing；否定式是：not doing。 （一）、动名词的形式：
（1）一般式： Seeing is believing.
（2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited. （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film.
（4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. （5）否定式（not + 动名词）：
I regret not following his advice. （二）、动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful.
Collecting stamps is interesting.
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
如：It's no use/no good/not any good/not any use/useless/a waste of time/fun quarrelling. It’s no use reading the book. a, ------ What made him so unhappy
------ the ticket for the football match.
A. Having been lost B. Lost C. Because of losing D. Losing b. Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. （2）作宾语： We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语。若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it。 如：We found it no good making fun of others. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, favor, excuse , delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），advise，deny（否认）, mind, permit, allow, forbid, practice, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, understand, stop, dislike, be busy in, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）,think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep …from, stop…（from）, succeed in, protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), insist on, tolerate, lead to, be/get used to（习惯于）= be accustomed to, look forward to, object to, stick to, pay attention to, devote oneself to, get down to（开始做……）, be addicted to, come close to（几乎，差点儿）, refer to, point to, pay a visit to, turn to, take to（喜欢，开始从事，容易学会）等。 （3）作表语：Seeing is believing.
Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.
（4）作定语：（动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用处，而现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或正处的状
态）
a sleeping boy a walking stick a sleeping car a flying bird a coming train a fishing pole
（5）动名词复合结构：“形容词性物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词”该结构在句中可作：主语、宾语和表语。而作宾语时 “形容词性物主代词（或名词所有格）”可用“人称代词宾格或名词来代替”。 如：1）How about the two of us a walk down the garden
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 2）He suggested our/us trying it once again. 3）His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 4）How about you four with us to the dance A. to come B. come C. coming D. to be come 5）Mary’s coming late made her teacher quite angry. 6) Your going there will help a lot. 7) Would you mind my opening the window
8) He insisted on his son’s/son going on to college.
注意：forget/remember, mean, try, regret, mention等后接动名词和不定式的区别。
mention to do sth. “提到即将要发生的事” mention doing sth. “提到已经发生了某事” deserve doing 后接动名词的主动式。
to be done 后接不定式被动式。
want/need/require/demand “需要”
want/need/require/demand doing 后接动名词的主动式。
to be done 后接不定式被动式。
Your bike wants repairing.
Your eyes want examining/to be examined.
非谓语动词之动名词
