专题16 阅读填空(议论文)
1. 【2019·全国II】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself? C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances. F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it 【答案】36. G 37. B 38. A 39. E 40. C 【解析】
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标,给出了一些方法。
36. G考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台,
难以决定”。该空承上启下,G选项“没有目标,你就既不能设定目标,也无法实现它”切题,故选G。 37. B考查上下文的语境理解。下文说“不仅如此,你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文,B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢”切题,故选B。
38. A考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”,下文说“所以,减慢速度,想一想那时候,
你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下,A选项“这会影响你的工作”切题,故选A。
39. E考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“记得,目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文,E选项“它们会根据环境的改
变而改变”切题,故选E。
40. C考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员,但是不能成为一名飞行员,因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标,并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下,C选项“然而,这也不要使你沮丧”切题,故选C。 2.[2012·北京卷]
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy
Last year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.
Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. __72___ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. __73__ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.
Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__“Academics are important. But if you don't have emotional(情感的) intelligence, you won't be as successful in work or in your love life,”she says.
What't the best way to up your EQ(情商)?For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. __75__ To really develop empathy, you'd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.
A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.
B.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.
C.“One doesn't develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says. D.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.
E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel. F.Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of life.
G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human—and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.
【答案】71. B 72. D 73. G 74. F 75. C
【解析】本文是一篇社会科学方面的论文,内容是Empathy(同感,共鸣)。文章遵循“下定义——列举现象——分析原因——正面导向——方法指导”的思路写成。结构严谨。
71. B 本空考查逻辑关系。该空前面句子列举出现象,然后进行归因。选项中“face time”、“screen time”与空后句子中的“spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs”对应,所以选B。
72. D 本空考查核心句归纳。文章第二段为诠释与例证,进一步说明第一段的论点。在列举完例子后,进行段落归纳。电视上的打斗、竞争和彼此不尊重,都是不能引起人们产生共鸣的原因。选择项中的“anything but”意思是“根本不是,绝不是”。
73. G 本空考查诠释与例证,也是承上启下句。空前讲到人类天生是社会性的,空后讲有同情心的青少年可能有着高度的自尊,同情也有利于人们摆脱不良情绪。所以选G。
74. F 本空考查承上启下。本段主要讲述的是情感智能,因此本句放入文中最能体现文章的整体性和一致性,故选F。
75. C 本空考查并列的逻辑关系。根据空前“listen to others”说的是要做个好的倾听者,所以空白处会填入有关听的技巧,故选C。
3.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多余选项。
1 . There are two pens which can write this book. One is writing growth, the other is writing caducity(衰老). One is describing success, the other is presenting failure. In others words, one is drawing happiness and the other is showing sorrow as well.
Life is like a heavy truck, so happiness and sorrow are like the wheels. No cross,no crown. No pain, no joy. 2 . One is that to live a day is to leave a day. The other is that to live a day is to enjoy a day. Just one word difference, it has reflected the complete reverse(相反的) state of psychology. Life is like the course which is investing(投资) all the time. 3 . When you have it, you should use it well and make it develop great actions. Please remember, the active attitude creates wonderful life, or the negative attitude waste lifetime.
4 . When she was about to knock at the door, she heard someone speaking in the room. A little girl said,\Would you like some braised(炖熟的) pork today?\Another girl said, \I would like some toasted chicken.\ . To her surprise, there were only some pieces of thin and dry bread, two cold potatoes and a jar of water on the table.
The lady asked them what was the matter . They said that they imagined that, so poor food was turned into many kinds of delicious food.
When the lady left the family, she had newly understanding of happiness. A. She saw them sitting at a table. B. Everybody wishes to live a happy life. C. There are two different minds. D. Life is like a book.
E. One day , a rich lady went to visit a poor, but happy family. F. Happy life exists everywhere.
G. Therefore, for one sense, life is the capital. 【答案】
1. D2. C3. G4. E5. A
【解析】生活就像一台敞篷车,快乐和忧伤就是车轮。记住:积极的态度成就精彩的人生,消极的态度虚度年华。
1. D 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据后面的“There are two pens which can write this book.”有两支笔在书写这本书可知作者把生活比作一本书,D项表述“Life is like a book.”符合语境,故选D。
2.C考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据后面的“One is that to live a day is to leave a day. The other is that to live a day is to enjoy a day.”可知该段讲述了两种生活态度,一种是过一天算一天,另一种是过一天享受一天,故空缺处是对这两种态度的概括,C项表述“There are two different minds.”符合语境,故选C。 3.G考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。前面的“Life is like the course which is investing(投资) all the time.”说明生活就是一个不断投资的过程,因此从某种意义上来说,生活就是资本,G项表述“Therefore, for one sense, life is the capital.”符合语境,故选G。
4.E考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。空缺处是本段的主题句,根据“When she was about to knock at the door,”她正要敲门可知这位女士要去拜访一户人家,E项表述“One day , a rich lady went to visit a poor, but happy family.”符合语境,故选E。
5.A 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。后面的“there were only some pieces of thin and dry bread, two cold potatoes and a jar of water on the table”提示了她们正在桌旁用餐,A项表述“She saw them sitting at a table.”符合语境,故选A。 考点:考查信息匹配
4.【湖北省鄂州市颚南高中2019-2020学年高三10月联考】根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入
空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some Myths You Strongly Keep Believing Are Untrue
There are varieties of false myths we spread from day to day.___36___. Otherwise, people will continue to believe such ridiculous myths undoubtedly. You will realize some of the most acceptable facts are completely untrue.
Men get beer bellies from beer.
We blame the beer for the belly. It is widely believed that men who constantly drink beer end up with a beer belly. However, it is not the beer that’s to blame, but the abundance of unhealthy snacks that often accompany the drink. Alcohol in beer irritates the stomach, therefore causing an increased appetite. Dr. Michael Jensen, an obesity specialist in Minnesota USA says that drinking beer makes liver burn alcohol instead of fat, leaving the latter to accumulate in the waist.___37___, while the one of women’s accumulates in the hips and bottoms, as a result of different sexual characteristics.
___38___. We are told that dogs see the world in black and white. But the truth is that they can distinguish colors just not in the same way we do. Jay Needs from the University of Washington in Seattle proves that our furry friends are able to receive a limited range of colors, which means they can distinguish objects of the same shape. In general, a dog’s vision is very similar to that of a person with red-green color blindness.
Carrots improve eyesight.
___39___. This myth came into existence during the Second World War. The British Army claimed that fighter pilots had excellent night vision as a result of their consumption of large quantities of carrots. Actually, they had radars onboard which made it faster and easier to detect the enemies. The myth about the amazing power of carrots was invented and spread by the media so that enemies would not learn about the fact.___40___. A. Dogs can distinguish colors B. Men’s fat is stored in their bellies C. Dogs see the world in black and white
D. Men’s fat is not mostly accumulated in these parts
E. Eventually, it spread all over the world and people are still convinced of it F. We agree with the view that eating carrots plays an essential part in good vision
G. It is high time that scientists created a separate department dedicated to exposing the truth 【答案】36. G 37. B 38. C 39. F 40. E