托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分
为了帮助大家了解托福阅读语法句子成分，更快速的提高托福考试成绩，新东方在线托福网为大家带来托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分一文，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线托福网!
托福阅读能力的提高永远离不开以下三个方面：词汇的积累、语法的掌握和文章的阅读，因为单词是基础，任何句子都是以词为单位的，其次，语法是理解一个句子的关键之处，只有掌握了常用的句法结构，才能有助于我们明白作者所想表达的意思。最后，大量的阅读文章将会是最有效的方法来提高自己的整体英语能力，文章是以句子为单位，句子又以词为单位，所以，三者是相辅相成的，缺一不可。
相信参加过托福考试或者正在备考的学生一定都会知道，在托福阅读文章中，长难句占的比例很大，所占分值也很高，直接关系着我们是否理解文章，那么如何突破长难句呢?我只能说在掌握一定的单词基础之上，根据语法来划分是关键之处，所以，今天主要针对托福语法进行一个详细的介绍和讲解，希望能够帮助到所有需要的人。
英语语法主要分成以下几个版块：词类、句子成分、句子构成、时态、从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、倒装、强调。对于参加托福的学生来说，大部分已经对词类基本掌握，而后三项在阅读文章中体现的不是特别明显，因此，我主要就其与几个版块进行一一讲解。
首先是句子成分，英语中有九种句子成分，即：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语和插入语。
1.主语为动作的发出者，一般情况下位于句首，常常做主语的有名词，代词，动名词doing，不定式to do，数词，特殊疑问词+不定式，the+ adj./ done，定语从句。
Reliance on trade had several important consequences. (名词做主语)
Nothing can conceal his anxiety and fear. (不定代词nothing 做主语)
Taking immediate measures is of great significance to solve environmental problems.
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. (眼见为实)
Five is my lucky number. (数词做主语成分)
What to do next puzzles the scientists most. (特殊疑问词+不定式做主语)
The rich should help the poor.(富人应该帮助穷人。其中the +adj.表示一类人。)
Workers were bound to their masters by contract that defines the terms of the partnership.
2.谓语，说的简单一点就是动词。其中又主要分为四大类;实义动词、情态动词、助动词和系动词。英语中有80%都是实义动词，都具有实在、具体的意义，包括及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后边可以直接加宾语，而不及物动词必须要在后边加上介词才可以跟宾语。比如说，play computer games, watch TV，均属于及物动词，listen to the radio, belong to me则属于不及物动词。第二，情态动词后边需要跟的是动词原形，常见的有must, may, might, can, could, need, will, would, shall, should 等。第三，助动词只有do/ does/ did + 动词原形，和have/ has/ had + done用于完成时。两者都没有具体的意义。最后，就是系动词，包括 ○1 be动词am, is, are;○2 感官动词feel, look, sound, taste, smell;例如：The song sounds beautiful. You look very tired. ○3变化类系动词get, become, go, fall, turn, come等，具体的来说，它们互不相同，其中get用的比较频繁一些，口语中也很常见，go一般接的是消极的词汇，如：The young lady went mad. The milk has gone sour. 而fall和come的话，则有固定搭配，fall ill/ asleep, come true，turn一般情况下指颜色的变化，例：Leaves turned yellow. ○4 保持类系动词keep, remain, stay，比如说keep healthy, keep the room warm等等。○5其他类系动词prove, seem, appear，
例如：It seems/appears impossible that he won the match eventually. 以上所提到的系动词的后边都需要跟表语。
以上内容主要针对句子成分中的主语和谓语进行了详细的介绍，这些基础的语法内容恰恰是理解句子的关键所在。
以上介绍的是句子成分中的前两个：主语和谓语，接下来则主要针对剩下的七个句子成分进行详细讲解。
3.宾语，可以放在介词后边或者动词后边，即介宾和动宾。介宾结构相对简单些，比如in the classroom，其中classroom做的就是宾语成分。一般做宾语的主要有以下几种：名词，代词，动名词doing，数词，the+ adj./done，特殊疑问词+不定式do,宾语从句。一般情况下，除了从句以外，能做主语的都可以做宾语。例如，
○1.Perhaps dinosaurs could not tolerate these extreme temperature changes and became extinct. (名词作宾语成分)
○2.The data provide nothing useful for further study. (不定代词做做宾语)
○3Many businessmen avoid being influenced by the economic downturn.
○4In China, most people doesn't like four, because it is believed to bring bad luck for them. (数词做宾语)
○5The government encourage the retired to do some volunteer work in the community. (the +done做宾语)
○6None of the tourists knows where to go now. (where+ to do)
○7Scientists hypothesized that a single asteroid collided with earth.(从句)
4. 表语成分则需要放在系动词之后，通常做表语的有：名词，形容词，代词，动名词，不定式to do，介宾结构，副词，数词，the+ adj./done，表语从句。
名词作表语：Whether he will come or not is still a mystery.
形容词做表语：It is hard to understand why they would not be affected.
代词做表语：This is all that I could do for you.
动名词做表语：The mechanic's job is repairing all kinds of vehicles.
不定式做表语：What they should do is to adapt to the new environment.
介宾结构做表语：A bunch of flowers is on the table.
副词做表语：The sun is up. Nobody is in. I will be back soon.
托福阅读语法常见的五种句子成分
