专题25 完形填空（说明文和议论文类）
1.(2019·全国卷III)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year. Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining,\“We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other,\square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. \___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents. \,” she says, \___60___.” 41. A. only 42. A. fear 43. A. empty 44. A. cloudy 45. A. helped 46. A. computers 47. A. remembered 48. A. repair 49. A. forbids 50. A. day 51. A. library
B. obviously B. believe B. blue B. normal B. changed B. telescopes B. forecasted B. risk B. directs B. night B. hall
C. nearly C. hear C. high C. different C. happened C. mirrors C. received C. rest C. predicts C. month C. square
D. precisely D. notice D. wide D. warm D. mattered D. cameras D. imagined D. use D. follows D. year D. street
52. A. appeared 53. A. driving 54. A. pictures 55. A. new 56. A. block 57. A. Instead 58. A. nature-loving 59. A. big 60. A. trying
B. returned B. hiding B. notes B. full B. avoid B. However B. energy-saving B. clear B. waiting
C. faded C. camping C. care C. flat C. enjoy C. Gradually C. weather-beaten C. cold C. watching
D. stopped D. siting D. hold D. silent D. store D. Similarly D. sun-starved D. easy D. sharing
【答案】41—45 CDBAB 46—50 CCDBA 51—55 CADAB 56—60 CBDAD
【解析】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子 设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。41.C考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。
42.D考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley it's darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色的，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。
43.B考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。
44.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。
45.B考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。
46.C考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。
47.C考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。
48.D考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知， put sth to use获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。
把某物投入使用。
49.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。
50.A考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。
51.C考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。
52.A考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。
53.D考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。
54.A考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。
55.B考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。 56.C考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。
57.B考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradually逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。
58.D考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。
59.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，范围不够大，故选A。
60.D考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。 2 . (2016·上海卷)
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 12 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them. 1. A. desire
B. seek
C. lose
D. dislike D. extreme D. otherwise D. above D. encouraging
2. A. contrary 3. A. vice versa 4. A. outside 5. A. replacing 6. A. refer
B. expectation B. for example B. inside B. assessing
C. degree C. however C. below
C. managing
B. contribute
B. practice
C. object
D. apply
D. impression D. male
7. A. agreement 8. A. bossy
C. election C. western
B. experienced
9. A. asking
B. training
C. warning C. reducing
D. firing D. estimating
D. compared
10. A. doubling 11. A. honored
B. maintaining
B. left
C. crowded
12. A. economically 13. A. deny
B. traditionally
B. admit
C. inadequately
D. occasionally
D. ensure D. on-the-scene D. attractiveness
C. assume
14. A. virtual 15. A. opinion
B. ineffective B. risk
C. day-to-day C. performance
【答案】1—5 DABDC 6—10 BADAC 11—15 BBDAC
【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。
1. D 根据后半句＂....will do anything to avoid it＂可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何
事情。故D项正确。
2. A to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，
尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项正确。
3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正
确。
4. D 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项＂above上面的＂
正确。
5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。 6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人
使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。 7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式
的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。 8. D 根据前半句＂...women will become more effective managers than men...＂可知有些专家认为女性比男
性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。 9. A 根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也
就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。故A项正确。
10. C 根据＂the trend towards downsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以
直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词＂reduce减少＂符合语境。
11. B be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与……相
比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，
提高了管理的成效。故B项正确。
12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句
Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B项正确。
13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，
省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。
14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句
where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。
15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。 3. (2015·安徽卷)
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that
countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time
and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .
Another cause is our 7 of disposable(一次性的)products. As 8 people, we are always looking for
9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things.
Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep
getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also
need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment. 1. A. key 2. A. gifts 3. A. face 4. A. hide
B. reason B. rubbish B. become B. control
C. project C. debt C. observe C. replace
D. problem D. products D. change D. withdraw
5. A. Thanks to 6. A. safe 7. A. love
B.As to
C. Except for
C. cheap
D. Regardless of
D. powerful D. division D. busy D. friends
B. funny B. lack B. kind
C. prevention C. brave C.jobs
8. A. sensitive 9. A. ways
B. places B. receive B. returns
10. A. donate 11. A. adapts 12. A. tired of 13. A. newer 14. A. pick up
C. produce
D. preserve
D. contributes D. ashamed for D. larger
C. responds
B. addicted to B. stronger B. pay for B. purposes B. record
C. worried about C. higher
C. hold onto
D. throw away
D. consequences D. measure D. brands D. Meanwhile D. instead of D. advertising
15. A. advantages 16. A. show
C. functions C. decrease
17. A. technology 18. A. However 19. A.by
B. environment B. Otherwise B.in favour of B. collecting
C. consumers
C. Therefore C. after C. repairing
20. A. spending
【答案】1—5 DBBCA 6—10 CADAC 11—15 DBADD 16—20 CBADA
【解析】随着社会的发展，消费产品比例的增加，让越来越多的人选择将旧了但是还能用的用品扔掉，这带来了巨大的浪费和严重的污染，作者分析了造成这种现象的原因，并且给出了解决问题的方法。 1.D 根据第一段末句中的＂because people ... than ever before＂可知这里描述的是一种世界各国正在面临的
问题(problem)。
2.B 根据空格后的原因状语从句＂because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before＂可知答案。
3.B文章第二段、第三段和第四段分析了我们变成一次性物品充斥的社会的原因。由此可知此句是总领性的句子——我们是怎样变成一次性物品充斥的社会的。
4.C 因为此文谈及的是一次性物品充斥的社会。 在一次性物品充斥的社会中，和花时间与金钱修理东西相比，更换一个东西当然要更容易些。hide＂隐藏＂；control＂控制＂；replace＂取代＂；withdraw＂提取＂。 5.A 由于现代制造业和技术，公司可以更快地、更加低成本地生产东西。thanks to＂幸亏，由于＂。 6.C 由上一句中的＂produce products quickly and inexpensively＂可知，产品应该是充足的和便宜的。故此空应填cheap。
7.A 由第三段可知，人们喜爱一次性产品是因为它可以节约时间，使人们的生活更轻松。这里表明人们对一
次性产品的喜爱是另外一个原因。prevention＂预防＂； division＂分开，分隔＂。 8.D 为什么要节约时间?是因为人们比较忙。busy＂忙碌的＂，符合语境。 9.A 忙碌的我们总是寻找节省时间的方法，故选ways。
10.C 公司生产许多不同种类的一次性产品。根据前句的语境可知此处表示生产(produce)一次性产品。donate＂捐赠＂；preserve＂保护＂。
11.D 由本段内容可知，我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题。adapt to＂适应＂；return to＂返
回＂；respond to＂对……作出反应＂；contribute to＂是……的原因之一＂。
12.B 根据前句＂我们对新产品的强烈欲望也会引起这个问题＂，以及后句中的＂we will be happier with the
latest products＂推理可知此处应选B，be addicted to＂对……上瘾＂。
13.A 根据空后的＂we will be happier with the latest products＂可知此处表示＂越新越好＂。
14. D make room for new ones意为＂为新东西腾出空间＂，那么如何为新东西腾出空间呢?当然是通过throw
away＂扔掉＂。
15.D 根据后句＂Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger＂可知此处指的是＂这种抛弃型的生活方式造
advantage＂优点＂；purpose＂目的＂；function＂功能＂；consequence＂结果， 成的后果＂。后果＂。
16.C 根据后文中的＂more governments are requiring people to recycle materials＂和文章最后一句中的＂...to 的
数量和保护环境。decrease＂减少＂，符合语境。 17.B 参见上题解析。
18.A 根据下一段内容以及空格后的＂this is not enough to solve (解决) our problem＂推理可知空格前后应为
转折关系，故选择However。
reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment＂可知，人们回收资源的目的是减少垃圾
19.D 维修东西和扔掉它们是对立的概念，因此选择instead of＂而不是＂。in favour of＂支持＂。
20.A 根据前句中的＂to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away＂以及后句中的＂Repairing our
possessions and changing our spending habits...＂ 可知选A。
4.(2015·福建卷)
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1 when you are
not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class
fault-finder, almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 5 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car
crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when we’re honest, we can be sharply 15
of the world. I’m not suggesting you 16 problems, or that you pretend things are 17 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — 18 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 19 .
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 20 , you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life. 1. A. lonely
B. great
C. quiet C. expected C. bothered
D. uneasy D. rejected D. spoiled D. nothing D. surprising D. explanation D. impossible D. adventure D. choice
2. A. received 3. A. threatened 4. A. anything 5. A. caring
B. answered B. interrupted B. everything B. boring B. plan
C. something C. interesting C. measure C. certain C. accident C. evidence
6. A. attitude 7. A. urgent
B. unnecessary B. event B. notice
8. A. occasion 9. A. memory
10. A. hear
B. contribute B. afraid of B. realize B. life B. or
C. express
D. admit D. confused about D. settle D. education
11. A. aware of 12. A. discuss 13. A. family 14. A. so
C. curious about C. judge C. career
C. but
D. for
D. critical D. ignore D. worse D.so far D. duty D. pity
15. A. proud 16. A. face 17. A. rarer
B. sure B. create B. better B.at last B. deal
C. hopeful C. solve C. stranger C.by far C. result C. rest
18. A.at least 19. A. task
20. A. practice B. speech
【答案】1—5 BACDB 6—10 ADCDC 11—15 ACBCD 16—20 DBABA
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章通过讲述Kerry从一个吹毛求疵的人变为一个学会感恩生活的人，告诉我们＂要管好你的嘴＂，寻回昔日对生活的热情。
1.B 从下文内容可知，本文作者不赞同人们老是挑毛病，所以用great表示当你不忙于挑毛病时生活会很精
彩。
2.A receive a letter from sb. ＂收到某人的来信＂。
3.C 根据下文的＂People were always doing things that annoyed her＂(人们做的事总是惹她生气)可知，此处用
bother表示＂使(某人)烦恼＂。
4.D根据and前面的句子可知，此处表示＂没有一件事情她觉得好＂，所以用nothing。 5.B 此处用boring表示＂令人厌烦的＂。
6.A 根据下文可知，这场意外改变了她的态度。attitude ＂态度＂。
7.D 事故发生前一天Kerry拜访了她的这个朋友并一直挑朋友的毛病。据此可知，这使得事情几乎无法应对。 8.C根据上文的＂it took a horrible accident＂ 可知，此处选C。 9.D Kerry批评她的朋友对男朋友的选择。choice ＂选择＂。
10.C 空处所在的句子是定语从句，various other things 是先行词，关系词that/which 代替先行词在从句中
作宾语，所以用express＂表达＂。
11.A 直到她的朋友严重受伤Kerry才意识到她挑毛病的习惯。aware of ＂意识到＂；afraid of ＂害怕＂；
curious about ＂好奇＂；confused about ＂感到困惑＂。
12. C judge ＂判断，评价＂。此处judge … harshly和上文的＂appreciate life＂形成对比。
13. B她也能够把她的新智慧转移到她生活的其他方面。 14. C上下文是转折关系，所以用but。
15. D be critical of 和find fault with是同义短语。
16. D根据上下文可知，不挑剔并不意味着忽视问题。ignore ＂忽视＂。 17. B或者假装事情比真实情况要好。
18. A至少大多数时候是这样的。at least ＂至少＂。 19. B a big deal是固定搭配，含义为＂重要的事情＂。
20. A根据上下文可知，要做到这一点需要的是少量的训练。practice ＂练习，训练＂。 5. (2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine (常规) basis.
As a matter of fact, we can see this 1 at work in people of all 2 .For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 3 with their new toys. But their 4 soon wears off and by January those 5 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 6 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 7 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 8 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 9 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 10 but are soon looking forward to 11 .The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 12 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 13 drove for hours at a time when they first 14 their driver’s licenses(执照)?Before people retire, they usually 15 to do a lot of 16 things, which they never had 17 to do while working. But 18 after retirement, the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 19 .And, like the child in January, they go searching for new 20 . 1. A. principle 2. A. parties 3. A. working 4. A. confidence 5. A. same
B. habit B. races B. living B. interest B. extra
C. way
D. power D. ages D. going D. sorrow D. expensive D. half-filled D. main D. worriedly
C. countries C. playing C. anxiety C. funny
6. A. well-organized 7. A. broad
B. colorfully-printed B. passing
C. newly-collected C. different C. gladly
8. A. silently B. impatiently
9. A. promise 10. A. courage
B. burden
C. right
D. game D. excitement D. success D. retirees D. bravely D. discovered D. plan D. correct D. knowledge D. soon D. quit D. colleagues
B. calmness C. confusion C. responsibility C. adults
11. A. graduation 12. A. children 13. A. carefully 14. A. required 15. A. need 16. A. great 17. A. time 18. A. only 19. A. lost 20. A. pets
B. independence B. students B. eagerly B. obtained B. learn B. strange B. money B. well
C. nervously C. noticed C. start C. difficult C. skills C. even C. left
B. chose B. toys
C. friends
【答案】1—5 ADCBA 6—10 DBCBD 11—15 ACBBD 16—20 AADCB
【解析】本文通过举例说明这样一个道理：各种形式的活动，如果人们经常做，都会产生厌倦情绪。 1.A 其实，我们可从各年龄段的人们身上看到这个准则是如何起作用的。第一段的第一句出现短语As a
general rule，本空填principle呼应名词rule。
2.D 各年龄段的人都会产生厌倦情绪。从下文可知，孩子厌倦玩具、少年厌倦高中、青年厌倦大学、成
年人厌倦开车、老年人厌倦退休后的生活。因此本空填ages。 3.C 在圣诞节早上，孩子们一开始很喜欢玩(playing)他们的新玩具。 4.B 但是，不久他们对新玩具的兴趣(interest)逐渐消失了。
5.A 到了一月，同样的(same)玩具再也不能吸引孩子们了，他们就把那些玩具收起来了。
6.D 生活中满是装满一半(half-filled)邮票的集邮册和没有完工的模型。后文的＂unfinished＂是关键信息。 7.B 这些东西说明很多人曾经喜欢某一件事，结果半途而废。他们的兴趣是短暂的(passing)。故选B。 8.C 当父母带回家一个宠物时，孩子高兴地(gladly)为它洗澡、刷它的毛。 9.B 但是，过不了多久，照顾动物的重担(burden)又被移交给了父母。 10.D 青少年带着极大的兴奋之情(excitement)进入高中。 11.A 但是，不久他们就盼望着毕业(graduation)。
12.C 前句中的young adults暗示下文谈论的是成年人。根据文意可知，抱怨每天开车上班花费时间长的
人， 应该是成年人。
13.B 而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们翘首企盼(eagerly)一次开好几个小时。eagerly＂渴望地＂，符合文
意。
14.B obtain＂得到＂。这里指考取驾照。 15.D 在退休前，人们通常计划(plan)做很多事情。
16.A 这些事情是他们上班时没有时间做的大事(great things)。 17.A 参见上题解析。他们上班太忙了，没有时间(time)做这些事情。
18.D 但是，退休后不久(soon)，像打高尔夫、钓鱼、阅读及其他所有的消遣方式都变得没有意思了。 19.C 那些消遣方式就像他们刚离开(leave)的工作一样，非常乏味。
20.B 这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像一月的孩子一样，开始找新玩具(toys)，寻求刺激了。 6.【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.
As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.
1. A. designed B. selected C. improved 2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently
D. discovered D. extremely
3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly 4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically 5. A. busier B. longer C. richer
6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing 7. A. stress B. damage C. decline 8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember 9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases 10. A. poor B. young C. sick 11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety 12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths 13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice 14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions 15. A. sound B. appear C. turn
D. separately D. desperately D. happier
D. failure D. value
D. quiet D. increases D. choices D. movement D. permission D. stay
【答案】1—5 ADCAB 6—10 DCADB 11—15 ABACD
【解析】这篇短文讲述的是人的寿命是有限的，但是随着社会的发展，生活水平的提高，人们的寿命比以前更长了，而且老龄化已经成为了社会的一个趋势。我们的社会需要这些老年人们继续保持积极的心态，为社会做贡献。
1.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：大多数研究年龄的科学家们认为人体被设计的不会活过120岁。designed 设计；selected 选择，挑选；improved 提高，改善；discovered发现。根据句意可知，科学家们认为人体的结构设计决定了人类最多不会活过120岁，故应选A。
2.D考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而110岁可能是人们希望能活的最长的寿命-如果他非常的健康和幸运。completely 完全地；generally 一般地；apparently 显然地；extremely极其，非常。根据句意可知，如果一个人非常的健康而且很幸运，人们希望能活到110岁。故选D。
3.C考查副词及语境的理解。句意：然而我们的细胞不会一直无止境的再生。rapidly 快速地；harmlessly 无害地；endlessly 无止境的；separately 分离地，分开地。根据文意可知，因为人体的细胞不会无止境的再生，因此人的寿命是有限的。因此应选C。
4.A考查副词及语境的理解。句意：他们（细胞）慢慢消耗尽，结果我们就会变老最终死亡。eventually 最终；hopelessly 没有希望地；automatically 自动地；desperately绝望地，自暴自弃地。根据句意可知选A。 5.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：尽管我们不能永久的活着，我们的寿命比以前是更长了。busier 更忙的；longer 更长的；richer 更富有的；happier更开心的。根据这一段的内容可知，现在人的寿命比以前更
长了。故选B。
6.D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound
听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。 7.【2015·重庆】B
Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 28 , your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are 29 jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this 30 with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start 32 your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay 33 . Walking around the cabin（客舱） can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight, 34 an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 35of sleep and wakefulness. 28. A. flight
B. change
C. demand
D. climate
29. A. suffering from 30. A. danger 31. A. briefly 32. A. checking 33. A. awake 34. A. though
B. working on B. problem B. slowly B. sending B. alone B. so
C. looking into C. waste C. suddenly C. adjusting C. hungry
D. leading to D. fear
D. effectively D. stopping
D. calm
C. whole
D. or
D. trend
35. A. understanding B. cycle C. research
【答案】28—35 BABDCADB
【解析】本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。
28.B 考查名词辨析。A flight航班； B change变化； C demand要求； D climate气候； 句意：慢慢地对于变化做出反应，你的生物钟就要混淆。根据语境可知本文是关于对于时差的反应，故选B项。
29.A 考查动词短语辨析 suffer from 遭受战争破坏的 work on 从事于；look into调查；lead to 导致；根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时间反应，故选A项。
30.B 考查名词辨析。Adange 危险性 B problem 问题在于 C waste浪费者 D fear恐惧；句意：游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知对待时差的问题，故选B项。
31.D 考查副词辨析。A briefly 简洁地址 B slowly慢慢地址 C suddenly 突然地址 D effectively有效地；句意：这有几种健康的方法，并且很有效。根据语境可知选D项。
32.C 考查动词辨析。A checking 检查员 B sending送到 C adjusting 调整结构 D stopping停止播送 句意：
比如，在上飞机前，开始调整你的生物钟到你的目的的的时间。Adjust to 把。。调整到，，故选C项。 33.A 考查形容词辨析。A awake B alone C hungry D calm句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。Stay awake保持清醒，故选A项。
34.D 考查连词辨析。A Though 虽然如此 B so 因此次 C while虽然如此 D or 否则；句意：在这种情况下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会让阻止你睡。Or表示转折，故选D项。
35.B 考查名词辨析。A Understanding 明白的 B cycle圈； C research 研究；D trend趋势；句意：这些建议能帮你开始新生物钟。根据语境可知选B项。
8.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First Impression
To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives. The 60 Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to
partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people. Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise 52. A. romantic 53. A. priority 54. A. tested
B. stressful C. central B. proof
D. artificial D. principle
C. possibility
B. impressed B. virtues
C. changed D. created C. similarities D. passions
D. intentions
D. recall
55. A. appearances 56. A. illustrations 57. A. predict 58. A. critical 59. A. memorize 60. A. Nose 61. A. open
B. implications C. ingredients
B. investigate C. diagnose B. initial C. random B. distinguish B. Eye B. alert B. amazed B. attractiveness
D. mature
C. negotiate D. question C. Heart D. Hand C. resistant
D. superior D. gifted D. signals D. assess D. irritating
62. A. disappointed 63. A. emotion 64. A. enhance 65. A. familiar
C. confused C. individuality
B. possess C. maintain B. plain
C. positive
【答案】51—55 ACBDC 56—60 CABBA 61—65 ADBDC
【解析】古代和现代的人追求不同，现代人追求的是爱，但是科学家依然对爱还不是很清楚。
51. A 考查副词以及对语境的理解 Instead 意为相反，Therefore意为因此， Moreover意为此外， Otherwise 意为否则。观察空格前后的句式结构，可以前面用的是you would not detect … ,后面用的是you
would see ，使用的动词不同，结构相同。由于前面有not，后面没有，所以可知此处表达为意思相反，所以答案为A。
52. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 romantic 意为浪漫的，stressful 意为压力的，central 意为中心的， artificial 意为人工的。根据上一句话“life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting”及本句的“In modern times, finding love is ”，分析语境，知道这两个句子是把古代和现代的情况进行对比。前一句用了center ,后一句用central, 两者的关系是同根重现。
53. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 priority 意为优先权，proof 意为证明，possibility 意为可能性，principle 意为原则。后两句的意思是：很容易准备一系列的有关爱的现代故事。在当前的流行文化中，无数的故事和电影归类为爱情故事。根据这两句，的意思，结合上下文语境可知道本句的意思就是有很多证明的例子，所以答案为proof.
54. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 tested 意为测试，imposed意为强加，changed 意为改变，created 意为创造。根据本段的最后一句话“One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. 确定了一件事情是：爱的真理还不确定”可以知道科学家研究的是爱是否能够创造，而不应该是测试，改变或者是强加。其中set in stone 就像中文里说的“板上钉钉”，表示绝对不变。
55. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 appearances 意为外表，virtues 意为美德，similarities意为相似，passions 意为激情。根据划线部分前面的连词but 可以判断前后是转折的意思，而opposites意为相反的，所以答案为相似的。
56. C 考查名词以及对语境的理解 illustrations 意为说明，implications 意为含义；暗示；牵连，卷入；可能的结果，影响，ingredients 意为成分，intentions 意为意图，目的。根据小标题First Impression （第一印象）以及后面所描述的实验方法、内容和结果，可以知道实验的目的是决定吸引力的成分。
57. A 考查动词以及对语境的理解 predict 意为预测，investigate 意为调查，diagnose 意为诊断， recall 意为回忆。根据58题后面的judgment (判断)，可以知道此处的答案应该是和判断同义的词。又根据该句后面的句子“after nine weeks, they reported what happened. 9周之后，报道发生了什么事情？”可以知道这一些是还没有发生的事情，也就是预测到的东西。
58. B 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 critical 意为 批评的 ，initial 意为原始的 ，random 意为随意的， mature 意为成熟的。根据第57题预测的东西，那么预测的东西相对而言就是原始的，最初的判断。 59. B 考查动词以及对语境的理解 memorize 意为记忆，distinguish 意为区别，negotiate 意为谈判， question意为疑问。根据前一句话的意思“结果证明他们最初的判断是正确的”，该句要表达的意思和前一句相同，也就是说“学生似乎能够在早期区别适合他们的生活人”。
60. A 考查名词以及对语境的理解 Nose 意为鼻子，Eye 意为眼睛， Heart 意为心脏， Hand意为手。
空格处的词是小标题，是对本段的高度概括。它往往在句首或句末找答案。在本段的最后两句话都提到了一个词smell（嗅觉），四个选项中和嗅觉有关的词只有A。
61. A 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 open 意为开放的，alert 意为警觉的，resistant 意为抵抗的，superior 意为优越的。根据前面的搭配either… or…要么……，要么，表明此处是一个反义表达。前面使用的是战争，那么后面应该是一种开放，也就是坦诚以对。
62. D 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 disappointed 意为失望的，amazed 意为惊奇的，confused 意为困惑的，gifted 意为有天赋的。根据In contrast（相反）以及后文“Although we may not be aware of chemicals 尽管我们没有意识到”， 结合上下文语境知道在这里表达人类没有像动物那么有天赋。
63. B 考查名词以及对语境的理解 emotion意为情感，attractiveness 意为吸引力，individuality 意为个人的 ，signals意为信号。根据上一句话最后一个单词attractive，结合上下文知道此处的答案和这个单词attractive是同根重现，所以答案是attractiveness.
64. D 考查动词以及对语境的理解 enhance 意为加强，possess 意为拥有，maintain 意为维持， assess 意为评定。该句是本段的总结，前面提到的是研究者做的吸引力实验，最后得出的结论就是我们评估吸引力的方法自动的。这是评估的方法，而不能是拥有，维持，或者是加强，所以答案为assess.
65. C 考查形容词以及对语境的理解 familiar 意为熟悉，plain 意为普通的， positive 意为积极的， irritating 意为无礼的。根据最后一句的表达“Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking. 看一些吸引力的事情似乎能够导致快乐的思考。”不能得出答案的表达应该是一种快乐思考，所以答案为positive积极的。
9.【2014·重庆卷】 B
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and 28_______ them. Here are some 29_______ on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30_______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31_______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”
Wearing proper cloths is important too, 32_______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33_______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing 34_______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35_______ to kiss in public.
1.A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove
2. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices 3. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward 4. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction 5. A. but B. for C. so D. or 6.A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated 7.A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views 8. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary 【答案】1—5 CBDCB 6—8 AAC
【解析】本文就如何适应文化差异提出一些建议。只有尊重差异才能适应差异。具体涉及情感表达、依着打扮及如何摆脱尴尬，等。
1.考查动词词义及语境运用。去另一个国家，要意识到这个国家的文化与本国文化之间的差异并尊重这种差异。A. reject排斥；B. recite背诵；C. respect尊重；D. remove去除。C项正确。
2. 考查名词词义及语境运用。本文接下来就如可适应化差异提出了一些具体的建议。A. plans：方案、计划；B. tips建议；C. arguments争论；D. choices选择。B项正确。
3. 考查形容词词义及语境运用。每一个出国人员都会有尴尬的时候，因为他们的举止可能引发当地人的嘲笑。A. unsafe不安全的；B. excited激动的、兴奋的；C. satisfied满足的、满意的；D. awkward尴尬的。D项正确。
4.考查名词词义及语境运用。从下文“一笑了之”可知，自我防卫的最佳手段是幽默感。 A. relief轻松、放松；B. belonging归属；C. humor幽默；D. direction方向。C项正确。
5. 考查连词的语境运用。衣着也很重要，因为当地人会根据衣着来判断一个人。A. but表“转折”； B. for表“理由”；C. so表“结果”；D. or表“选择”。故B项正确。
6.考查动词词义及语境运用。根据宗教习惯，在中东国家衣着暴露是严格禁止的。A. forbidden禁止；B. allowed允许；C. expected期待；D. tolerated容忍。A项正确。
7. 考查名词词义及语境运用。在东南亚国家。生气会让自己显得愚蠢，所以表达情感时要谨慎。A. emotions情感；B. concern担忧；C. interest兴趣；D. views观点。故A项正确。
8. 考查形容词词义及语境运用。在一些国家当众亲吻是不合适的。A. natural自然的。本文更多谈及的是一些禁忌，故本项排除；B. advisable可建议（从事）的。排斥理由同A项；C. unwise不明智的；D. unnecessary不必要的。C项正确。 考点：完形填空。
10.【2014·广东卷】完形填空
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.
Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled. 1. A. natural 2.A. interest 3.A. noisy
B. strong
C. guilty C. link
D. similar D.knowledge
B. argument
B. crowded
C. messy D. locked
4.A. homework 5.A. washing
B. housework
C. problem D. research C. dropping D. replacing
B. using
6.A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 7.A. complex 8. A. later
B. popular
C. scientific D. successful C. seldom C. future
D. thoroughly D. nature
B. deliberately
9.A. behavior 10.A. failures 11.A. defend
B. taste B. changes B. delay
C. consequences D. thrills
D. reconsider D. trust D. talk
C. repeat
12.A. communication B. bond 13.A. reply
B. attend
C. friendship C. attach
14.A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop
15.A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising
【答案】1—5 DBCBC 6—10 ADAAC 11—15 DADBC
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。讨论了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。 1.D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。父母觉得很难与青少年生活。然后青少年也有和父母相似的感受，说和他们一起生活不容易。 此处natural自然的；strong强壮的；guilty犯罪的；similar相似的。根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。
2.B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。此处interest兴趣；argument争论，争吵；link联系；knowledge知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。
3.C。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。 根据：扔在地板上的衣服，可知房间很凌乱。 此处noisy喧闹的；crowded拥挤的；messy杂乱的；locked上锁的。故选C。
4.B。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服等这些都是家务方面的事。此处 homework作业；housework家务；problem难题；research 研究，调查。故选B。
5.C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上等一些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。 此处washing 洗；using 使用；dropping 落下；replacing 更换，替代。drop the towel 把毛巾掉在地上。故选C。
6.A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。此处approaches 方法，途径；contributions 贡献；introductions 介绍，入门；attitudes 态度；看法。下一句有approaches一词。故选A。
7.D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。 此处 complex 复杂的；popular 受欢迎的；scientific 科学的；successful成功的。接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。 8.A。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，父母先因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫，后来又为他们收拾房间。此处later后来；deliberately故意地； seldom很少；thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。 9.A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，那些因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫但是后来又为他们房间打扫的的父母有更少的机会改变他们孩子的行为。此处behavior行为；taste味道；future未来；nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了。自然行为得不到改变。故选A。
10.C。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父
母可以做得更好。此处failures失败；changes变化；consequences结果；thrills兴奋、震颤。故选C。 11.D。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。 此处defend防御；delay耽搁；repeat重复；reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，选D。
12.A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。此处communication 交流；bond结合； friendship友谊；trust信任。有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。
13.D。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母应和子女交谈 ，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。此处reply回答；attend参加；attach 附加、系；talk谈论。talk to和……交流。故选D。
14.B。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。此处 hate讨厌；scold责备；frighten 吓唬；stop停止。代入四个词分析，只有B符合语境。故选B。
15.C。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。此处 loving爱；observing观察；understanding理解；praising表扬。代入四个词分析， C更符合语境。故选C。 考点：科普类阅读。
2020年高考英语精选考点专项突破25 完形填空（说明文和议论文类）
