专题十一 情态动词
易错清单
1. can与be able to
can和be able to表示能力时用法相同,但can只有原形和过去式(could)两种形式,在其他时态中 要用be able to 来表示。另外 be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:
Jim can't speak English. 吉姆不会说英语。 He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。 We'll be able to see him next week. 下星期我们将会见到他。 2. can与may
(1)can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用。如: Can/ May I help you?我能帮助你吗? (2)can和may 表示可能性时的区别: 1)在肯定句中用 might,may,must,不用can;
2)在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用 might,may,must; 3)在否定句中用can't(不可能),不用 may,must。 如: She may be in the classroom.她可能在教室里。 Where can they be now?他们现在可能在哪儿? That can't be true. 那不可能是真的。 3. may be与maybe
may be中的may为情态动词, be为动词原形,在句中作谓语。而maybe是副词,意思是“大概、也许”,相当于perhaps,常放在句首,作状语。如:
He may be wrong,but I'm not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。 Maybe she'll come this afternoon. 她可能今天下午来。 4. can't 与 mustn't
(1)can't 根据其基本用法可译为”不会、不能“。如: I can't speak English. 我不会说英语。 We can't do it now because it's too dark. 天太黑了,我们现在不能干了。
(2)can't在否定句中表示推测,意思是“不可能”。如:
The man can't be our teacher because he is much younger than our teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。
(3)mustn't 意为“ 禁止、不许”, 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。 如: You mustn't play football in the street. It's too dangerous. 你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。 5. must与 have to
(1)must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、过去时和将来时。如:
I know I must study hard.我知道我必须努力学习。
My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害, 我只得半夜里把医生请来。
I don't have any money with me,so I'll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。
提分策略
随着中考试卷越来越重视情境性和交际性,情态动词也就成了中考的热点。中考常考的知识点有:推测可能性、请求允许等。题型以选择题为主。解题时,要注意以下方面:
1. 根据句子语气选择情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情感,所以在解答情态动词有关的单选题时,一定要注意说话人的语气,要结合具体的语境来分析和判断。
【例1】(2019·贵州铜仁·30)—Must I water the flowers now,mum? —No,you . You do it later. A. mustn't. must C. needn't,may
B. mustn't,may D. needn't,must
【解析】 考查情态动词的用法。以must开头的一般疑问句,否定答语常用needn't,表示“不必要”,所以排除A、B两项。应答句后面一句语气委婉,应该用情态动词may。故选C。
【答案】 C
【例2】(2019·湖南邵阳·27)—Must I hand it in today? —No,you . You can do it tomorrow. A. mustn't C. needn't
【解析】 考查情态动词的用法。以Must开头的一般疑问句,否定答语常用needn't,表示“不必要”。故选C。
【答案】 C
【例3】(2019·湖北孝感·30)—Look at the young lady in red. Is it Mrs King? —No,it be her. She is wearing a white dress today. A. can C. must
B. may D. can't B. can't
【解析】 考查情态动词的用法。may表示不确定的推测,译为“可能”,谈论可能性;而 can 作“可以”讲,表示允许;作“能够”讲,表示一种与生俱来的能力;must则是肯定而有把握的推测;can't意为“不能,不可能”,常用于否定而有把握的推测,由题意可知答案选D。
【答案】 D
2. 根据语境选择情态动词
情态动词在不同的语境中表示不同的含义,所以解题时要根据具体语境分析句子的意思,选用正确的情态动词。
【例1】(2019·浙江宁波·26)— you leave now? You only arrived here an hour ago.
一Sorry,but so much homework is waiting for me. A. May C. Can
B. Must D. Might
【解析】考查情态动词的用法。may可以,可能;must必须;can可以,能够;might可能。句意:你现在必须走吗?你才到了一个小时。根据句意应选B。
【答案】 B
【例2】(2019·浙江义乌·18)—Mum,can I finish the work tomorrow? —No,you finish it today. Don't put off today's work till tomorrow. A. may C. might
B. can D. must
【解析】 考查情态动词的用法。A项表示“可能,也许”,B项表示“能、会”,C项“may的婉转形式或其过去式”,D项表示“必须”。根据句意:“——妈妈,我能明天完成工作吗?——不,你必须今天完成。不能把今天的事拖到明天。”可知本题选D。
【答案】 D
专项训练
1. (2019·江苏扬州·6)—David,is that man your Chinese teacher? —It be him. He's having a meeting. A. mustn't C. needn't
B. can't D. won't
2. (2019·山东济南·32)Miss Hu's bicycle is blue. So the red one be hers. A. could C. must
B. can't D. might
3. (2019·上海奉贤区·40)—How often do I need to feed the birds? —They food every day,or they will be hungry. A. must give C. must be given
B. mustn't give D. mustn't be given
4. (2019·天津)—Excuse me,when are we going to have a picnic? —I'm not sure. Ask our monitor. He know. A. need C. may
B. can D. shall
5. (2019·江苏南京)The lady in this photo be over fifty! She looks so young! A. mustn't C. can't
B. must D. can
6. (2019·山东济南)—I hear you've got a new iPhone 4S. I have a look? —Yes,certainly. A. May C. Shall
B. Do D. Should
7. (2019·浙江杭州)—Have you decided which senior high school to choose? —Not yet. I go to Moonlight School. A. must
B. may
C. need D. should
8. (2019·河北)—Must we wear our school uniform this afternoon? —No,you . All of us will go on an outing. A. mustn't C. needn't
B. can't D. couldn't
9. (2019·安徽)—Dad,must I practice the piano today? —No,you . You may do it tomorrow. A. needn't C. shouldn't
B. mustn't D. can't
10. (2019·湖南长沙)—You be happy with the strong public support you've received. —Yes,you're right. I'm really excited. A. may C. must
B. can D. need
11. (2019·湖北武汉)—Shall we take a taxi? —No,we . It's not far from here. A. can't C. shouldn't
B. mustn't D. needn't
11. (2019·陕西)— I do the laundry first? —No,you . You can do your homework first. A. Must;mustn't B. Can;mustn't C. Must;needn't D. May;needn't
13. (2019·辽宁)School students smoke because it is against the school rules. A. needn't C. won't
B. couldn't D. mustn't
参考答案与解析
1. B 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由应答句“He's having a meeting.”判断,前面一句表示可能性,所以排除A、C、D三项。故选B。
2. B 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由前面一句“胡老师的自行车书蓝色的”判断,红色的那一辆不可能是她的,应该用can't 表示不可能。故选B。
3. C 解析:考查情态动词的用法。应答句中的主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态,所以排除A、B、D三项。故选C。
4. C 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由I'm not sure. Ask our monitor, please. “我不清楚,问问我们班长吧”可知答案选C项,意为“也许”,表猜测。
5. C 解析:考查情态动词用法。由She looks so young!“她看起来这么年轻啊!”可知答案选C项,意为“不可能”。
6. A 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由上下文可知听说对方买了一部新手机,所以想一睹为快,故答案选A项,意为“可以”,表请求或许可。
7. B 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由上文可知还没有决定上哪一所学校,故答案选B项,意为“也许”,
表猜测。
8. C 解析:考查情态动词的否定回答。 must的否定回答是needn't,故答案选C项。 9. A 解析:考查情态动词的否定回答。must的否定回答是needn't,故答案选A项。
10. C 解析:由Yes, you're right. I'm really excited.“是的,我确实很激动。”可知答案选C项,意为“一定”,表猜测。
11. D 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由It's not far from here.“离这儿不远。”可推知没必要乘出租,故答案选D项,意为“不必”。
12. C 解析:考查情态动词的用法。由You can do your homework first.“你可以先做作业”可推知不必先洗衣服,故答案选C项。must的否定回答用needn't。
13. D 解析:考查情态动词否定式的词意辨析。由because it is against the school rules“因为这是违反学校规定的”可知答案选D项,意为“不应该、不准、不允许”。
(附加18套模拟试卷)2020年中考英语总复习易错题易错点专项训练_专题十一：情态动词
