《英语笔译常用词语应试手册》 分类整理和扩展补充
从头开始整理。书上的词条按照拼音排序，不便于类比记忆，我按照自己的理解重新排序，并且加入了相关的词和短语。欢迎大家纠错。每章整理完会形成word文档放到网盘上。
第一部分 第一章 （国情）和第二章（政治）综合整理
1. 国家
爱国统一战线 patriotic united front patri- 表示“父”之义，父的，父系的 patriot 爱国者，爱国主义者
patriotism 爱国主义，爱国精神 patriotism education 爱国（主义）教育 patriotic 爱国的 patriotic songs 爱国歌曲
祖国 motherland homeland fatherland
国家
country 侧重疆土和人口developing countries 发展中国家 nation 侧重民族Chinese nation 中华民族
state 侧重政治意义上的国家，政府和政体 state councilor 国务委员
中华人民共和国 The people’s Republic of China PRC
front 前线 at the front 在前线
front line 也作 first line，除表示“前线”外，还可以表示“第一线，基层”，“前沿”等义
2. 改革
改革 reform 用作动词，名词和形容词
改革开放 reform and opening-up
改革攻坚 further reform in difficult areas; tackle hard issues in the reform 改革试点 pilot reform program
人事制度改革 reform of personnel system 住房制度改革 reform of housing system 经济体制改革 economic restructuring 教育改革 educational reform 课程改革 curriculum reform
宗教改革 religious reform; the Reformation
3. 社会
社会 society 人类社会 human society 现代社会 modern society 原始社会 primitive society 奴隶社会 slave/slavery society
封建社会 feudal society
资本主义社会 capitalist society 社会主义社会 socialist society 共产主义社会 communist society
社会的 social
社会主义 socialism
社会主义的 socialist 也作“社会主义者，社会党员”
社会结构 social structure
社会组织形式 the way society is organized
社会利益结构 interests of different social groups 社会信用体系 social credit system
社会主义核心价值观 core socialist values
社会主义荣辱观 Socialist Concept of Honor and Disgrace 和谐社会 harmonious society 社会演变 social evolution 社会惰性 social weakening 社会渣滓 bottom dregs
3. 体系，体制和制度
体系 system 也作“制度”
创新体系 innovation system
社会保障体系 social security system 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system 社会信用体系 social credit system
城乡公共就业服务体系 urban and rural systems for providing public emplowyment services 城乡社会救助体系 urban and rural emergency aid system 宏观调控体系 macro-control system
城镇职工基本养老保险制度 basic old-age insurance system for urban workers 农村合作医疗制度 system of rural cooperative medical system 低保制度 subsistence security system
招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects 股份制 the joint stock system
股份合作制 the joint stock cooperative system
实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制 practice the system of the general-manager responsibility under the leadership of the board of directors (BOD) 人事制度改革 reform of personnel system
4. 住房问题
民生 people’s wellbeing
住房制度改革 reform of housing system 城镇住房制度改革 reform of urban housing system 人均住房 per-capita housing
短租房 short-term housing/accommodation 二手房 second-hand house; pre-owned house 经济适用房 affordable housing
住房公积金 housing provident fund; public accumulation fund for housing; public housing reserve fund
期房 forward delivery housing 按揭贷款 mortgage loan
按揭购房 buy an apartment on a mortgage 房奴 mortgage slave 入住率 occupancy rate
商品房空置现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 简易过渡房 makeshift shelter 廉租房 low-rent housing 群租客 tenant groups
两限房 house of two lines; house with limited price and habitable area 学区房 school-nearby house
平房改造工程 renovation project of shanty dwellings shanty 平房，棚屋 筒子楼 tube-shaped apartment building 蜗居 dwelling narrowness 蚁族 ant tribe
基层社区 grassroot community
物业管理 property management; estate management
5. 公务员
公务员 public/civil servant 公务车state-financed vehicle
公共服务和社会管理 public service and administration 面子/形象工程 vanity/image project 地方保护主义 regional protectionism
重复建设项目 overlapping/redundant project
低水平重复建设 low-level redundant development 地方 regional, local（当地） 乡长 township head
乡镇企业 township enterprises
下基层锻炼 temper oneself in a grassroots unit 基层监督 grassroots supervision
6. 国家战略和政策 战略 strategy
科教兴国战略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education
西部大开发战略 western development strategy; the strategy of developing western region 采取市场多元化战略 adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market
科学发展观 scientific outlook on development 以人为本 put people first 统筹兼顾
可持续发展战略 the strategy of sustainable development
依法治国 run the country according to law
依法行政意识 consideration to carrying out their official duties in accordance with law
依法行政，公正严明的法治政府 a government that respects legal systme and rules strictly and impartially
南水北调 South-to-North water diversion
西电东送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region
7. 就业问题
就业问题 employment problem
政府促进就业的责任 responsibility of the government for stimulating employment
城乡公共就业服务体系 urban and rural systems for providing public emplowyment services 减轻就业压力 ease the pressure of unemployment ( the employment pressure) 城镇登记失业率 registered unemployment rate in cities and towns
就业教育（美国六至十年级学生） 就业指导 employment guidance
下岗职工 unemployed workers and staff; laid-off employees 再就业下岗人员 re-employement of laid-off workers 接受了新文化的工人 acculturated worker
农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor ??? 剩余劳动力 surplus labor
农村劳动力转移就业 rural workers find work in nonagricultral sectors 农民工 migrant worker
同城待遇 identical treatment
保障年度收入 guaranteed annual income 绩效工资 merit pay 双职工 working couple
贫富差距 disparity in wealth distribution 收入差距 ？income gap
扭转收入差距扩大的趋势 reverse the widening income gap 贫困人口 impoverished people 扶贫基金 anti-poverty funds
城乡社会救助体系 urban and rural emergency aid system 贫老救济 aged poor relief
改良贫困状况 amelioration of poverty
农村合作医疗制度 system of rural cooperative medical system 低保制度 subsistence security system 城市低收入者 low-income city dwellers
中低收入城市居民 middle- and low-income urban residents
城镇职工基本养老保险制度 basic old-age insurance system for urban workers 养老保险 old-age insurance
养老保险制度 old-age security system
处于最低生活保障线之上 minimum earner 最低生活保障线 minimun subsistence level 贫困线 poverty line 贫困县？
最低生活保障 subsistance allowance
低收入家庭 low-income family/household
退休金双轨制 dual pension scheme
8. 政体
全国人大代表 deputy to the National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会 National People’s Congress (NPC) 全国人民代表大会主席团 NPC Presidium
全国政协委员 member of the national committee of the CPPCC 人民团体 mass organizations
政治体制改革 political restructuring
信息流通和参与政治的机会 access to information and political participation
联合政府 coalition government
政治经济一体化 political and economic integration 政治色彩 political complexion 政治独立 political indepedence 政治姿态 political posturing
附加政治条件 political strings attached 具有实效的合作 pragmatic cooperation
英语笔译常用词语应试手册
