定语从句的关系词用法
一.关系代词who (whom)的用法
who可以代人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中可以担任主语,往往也可以代替在句子中担任宾语的whom,但它的前面不能有介词,如果带介词则必须用宾格的
whom:介词+whom
例:This is the teacher who teaches us maths.这就是教我们数学的老师。
在从句中作主语
She is the girl who (whom) I met at the party.她就是我在晚会上认识的那个女孩。
在从句中作宾语(who可代替whom)
She is the girl with whom I went there.她就是和我一起去那儿的女孩。
在从句中作介词with的宾语
二.什么情况下宜用who,而不用that. 1.先行词是one ones anyone时宜用who
例:The ones who flatter me don’t please me.那些奉承我的人并不能取悦于我。
Anyone who fails to finish the task given should be criticized.任何人不能完成指定的任务,都应受到批评。
2.先行词为those时,宜用who为关系代词。
例:Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.凡是想去长城的人在这里签名。
3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时。
例:I met a foreigner in the street yesterday who could asked me questions in Chinese.昨天,在街上,我遇到了一位能用汉语问我问题的外国人。
4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的.关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。
例:The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.昨天晚上你遇见的那位男孩是位学习非常努力的组长。
5.在there be开头的句子中。
例:There is an old man who want to see you.有位老人要见你。 三.关系代词whose的用法。
例:whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.我看见了一个皮包被偷了的妇女。
Please show me the book whose cover is red.请把封面是红色的那本书拿给我看看。
四.关系代词that的用法。
1.首先要特别注意只能用在限定性定语从句中,在非限定性定语从句中永远不能用that,另外介词后面不能跟that,而跟which。
例:Mike’s dog,which was very old now,became ill and died.麦克的狗,已经很老了,病死了。
2.在限定性定语从句中that和which在代替物时,一般可以通用。 例:The money that(which)my mother gave me yesterday has been stolen.昨天我妈妈给我的钱已经被偷走了。
3.在以下这些情况下,只宜用that,而不用which。 1) 先行词是最高级形容词或者它的前面有最高级形容词时。
例:This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好的办法。
2) 先行词是序数词时,或它的前面有一个序数词时。
例:He is the last person (that) I want to see.他是我最不想见的人。
3) 主句已有疑问词who或which时。
例:Which is the bike that you lost?你丢失的是那辆自行车? 4)先行词既有人又有物,宜用that。
例:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事情吗?
5)先行词是all much little something everything anything nothing none the one 等代词时。
例:You should hand in all that you have.你应该把你所拥有的一切都交上来。
I nean the one that you talked about just now.我指的是你刚刚谈到的那个。
6)先行词前面only any few little no all one of the same 等词修饰时。
例:The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.我们唯一能够做的就是给你一些钱。
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.李明是我们班想当老师的学生之一。
7)有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that。 例:Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.爱迪生办了一个工厂,生产过去从未见到过的东西。
五.关系代词which的用法。
1.在非限定性定语从句中,只宜用which,不能用that。
例:Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.北京是中国的首都,它是一座美丽的城市。
2.在限定性定语从句中和在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜用which,不用that。