Module 5 Cloning Section Ⅲ Grammar-虚拟语气（1)
语法图解
探究发现
①If you were head of the government, would you allow cloning?
②If we hadn't made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn't have been so wonderful.
③If it were to rain/should rain/rained, the crops would be saved. ④Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
⑤Were she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad. ⑥Should I have time, I would call on her.
⑦If they had started early yesterday morning, they would be here now. ⑧If we hadn't made adequate preparations, we shouldn't dare to do the experiment next week.
⑨But for your help, we couldn't have succeeded.
⑩She wasn't feeling well. Otherwise she wouldn't have left the meeting so early. [我的发现]
(1)①②③句为if引导的非真实条件句的三种基本形式。 (2)④⑤⑥句为省略if的虚拟条件句。
(3)⑦⑧句中，主句与从句动作所发生的时间不一致，称之为错综时间条件句。 (4)⑨⑩句中，假设的条件不用if条件从句表示，而是通过介词短语but_for或副词otherwise等表达出来，这类句子叫“含蓄条件句”。
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
情况 与现在事实相反 从句谓语动词 一般过去时(be用were) 主句谓语动词 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 1
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词 would/should/could/might＋动词原形 与将来事实相反 should＋动词原形 were to＋动词原形 If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。(与现在事实相反)
If I had enough money, I would take the beautiful dress for my daughter. 如果我的钱够的话，我就会为女儿买下这件漂亮的礼服。(与现在事实相反) If you had got upearlier, you would have caughtthe train. 如果你早点起床， 你就会赶上火车了。(与过去事实相反)
If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。(与将来事实相反) [即时演练1] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①If I had enough money now, I would_buy (buy) a car.
②If we had_driven (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired. ③If it were_to_snow (snow) tomorrow, we would take photos. 二、虚拟条件的三种特殊形式 1．省略if的虚拟语气
虚拟条件句中若含有were, had或should，可以把if省略，把were, had或should提到句首，构成部分倒装。
Wereit Sunday tomorrow, we should go to the Great Wall. 要是明天是星期日， 我们就能去长城了。
HadI taken my father's suggestion, I would have done it better. 如果我听从了父亲的建议，我会做得更好。
Shouldit rain tomorrow, the flight might be put off. 如果明天下雨，航班就有可能被推迟。
[名师点津] 若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。我们可以说“Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.”但不能说“Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.”。
[即时演练2] 句型转换
①If you had gone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it. →Hadyougone to the exhibition, you would have enjoyed it.
②If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
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→HadIknown your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. ③If it should rain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days. →Shoulditrain tomorrow, the work would be postponed for some days. 2．错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中，条件从句中谓语可以和主句中的谓语发生时间不一致，这时从句和主句要根据各自所发生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式。
If youhad preparedin advance, you wouldn't be in such an awkward position now. 如果你事先做好准备， 现在就不至于那么被动。(从句表示过去，主句表示现在) If I were you, I would have gone to his birthday party yesterday. 如果我是你，我昨天就去参加他的生日宴会了。(从句表示现在，主句表示过去) [即时演练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空
①If you had_listened (listen) to me yesterday, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.
②If I were (be) you, I would have planted some trees round the house. ③If you had_stuck (stick) your own dream before, your life would_be (be) different today.
3．含蓄虚拟条件句
有时假设的情况不是以if条件从句表示，而是通过其他形式表现出来，这种从句被称作含蓄虚拟条件句，其主要用法如下。
(1)用but for, without等介词(短语)表示条件。
But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨， 我们会有一次愉快的旅行。
(2)用连词otherwise, or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。 There was a traffic jam on the way, otherwise I would have arrived an hour ago. 路上堵车， 要不然我一小时前就到了。
(3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，but前面为虚拟语气，后面为真实情况。 I should have given you more help, but I was too busy. 我本该多帮帮你，但我太忙了。 [即时演练4]
(1)选词填空：otherwise, or
①I was ill that day. Otherwise,_I would have taken part in the sports meeting. ②He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well. (2)一句多译
如果世界上没有战争，人们生活得会更幸福。
①Iftherewerenowar in the world, people would live a happier life.
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②Weretherenowar in the world, people would live a happier life. ③Withoutwar in the world, people would live a happier life.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If they were (be) here, they would help you.
2．If we had_started (start) earlier, we should not_have_missed (not miss) the bus this morning.
3．If I were you, I wouldn't_have_missed (miss) the film last night. 4．If you succeeded (succeed), everything would be all right. 5．If she hadn't_been (not be) ill, she might have come.
6．If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could_ask (ask) him some questions.
7．If you had listened to the doctor, you would_be (be) all right now. 8．Should you need more information, please let me know. 9．Were he to leave tomorrow, he would get there by Friday. 10．Without water, there would be no life on the earth. Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Had you been there at that time, it_would_have_been_much_better. 如果你当时在那里就好多了。
2．If_you_had_spoken_clearly,_you would have made yourself understood. 如果你说得清楚些，别人就会听懂你了。
3．But_for_these_interruptions,_the meeting would have finished half an hour ago.
要不是这几次中断，会议半个小时前就开完了。
4．Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would_be_too_cold for us to live on.
如果没有空气保留些阳光的热量，夜间地球就会很寒冷，以至于我们不能居住。 5．If you hadn't_stayed_up late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨晚不熬夜，现在就不会这么瞌睡了。
6．I lost your address; otherwise_I_would_have_visited_you long before. 我把你的地址弄丢了，不然我很久以前就拜访你了。 7．What would you do if_you_were_in_my_place? 假如你处在我的位置上，你将怎么办呢？
8．If I_were_to_go_to_the_moon_some_day,_I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.
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要是有一天我上了月球，就能亲眼看看月亮表面是什么样子了。 Ⅲ.短文改错 Hi, Janice，
It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time-wasting activity! In fact, I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me, would you talk to him?
Please help with me and give me some advice. Grave
答案：第一句：want后加to
第二句：tell→told; friend→friends 第四句：sing→singing 第五句：many→much 第七句：so→but 第八句：How→What
第九句：are→were; him→them 第十句：去掉with
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高中英语Module5CloningSectionⅢGrammar-虚拟语气(1)教学案外研选修6
