初中升高中英语衔接复习材料.docx

Who is going to come here tomorrow?（作主语）What is that?（作表语） Whose umbrella is this?（作定语）Whom are you waiting for?（作宾语） 八. 关系代词 *

关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语，表语，宾语，定语.在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如:

I hate people who talk much but do little. Pm looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter. With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies. Do vou know the ladv who is interviewing our headmaster? 【農练】

1. Tom, Please pass _______ the glasses* I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her

2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ____ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3?―You want _______ sandwich? —Yes, I usually eat a lot when Vm hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other

4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS> They think more of others than _____ ? A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs

5?—Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk? — _____________ , thanks. I'd like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

6. ―Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.—Never mind- You can have _______ ? A. us B. ours C. you D. yours

7? …Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?— ____ is OK. Fm free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

& ■一How are you going to improve ____ this term? —Work harder than last term. A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself 9. —Could you tell me ______ she is looking for? 一Her cousin, Susan. A. that Be whose C. who D. which

10?一Is ______ here? …No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave. A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody 11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more

12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, youUl have to pay _____ $ 30. A. more B? other C. the other D. another 13?一Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?

Yes. I have two sons* But _____ of them lives with me. They arc now studying in America? A. neither B. both C. none D. either

14. —Have you sent your parents an E?mail telling them you arrived safe?

―No. _______ of them can use a computer A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All 15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith? A? you; it B. you; he C. your; it D? your; that

16. …That woman has a bag in her right hand. What^s in her ___ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. the other

17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of ______ ? A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves

1& ―Is there a bus to the zoo?…Pm afraid there's ______ bus to the zoo. A. no B. any C. some D. none

19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _____ ? A. me B. mv C. mine D. myself

20> This is _____ classroom* Where is _______ ?

A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs 【专题六：介词、连词考皆集汇，讲解和训练

1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使 用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语 补

足语。例如：The boy over there is Johnt brother.（定语）The girl will be back in two hours.（状语） Our English teacher i$ from Australia?（表语）Hclp yourself to some fish.（宾语补足语） 2. 常用介词岁用法辨析（1）表时间的介词1） at, in on 一

表示时间点用at。例如：at six o9clock, at noon, at midnighto表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某 个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用 in。例如：in the ninettenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例 如：on Monday，on July ls\\ on Sunday morning 等。

2) since, after 由since和after引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表 示的时

段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯 系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：

I haven't heard from him since last summer.After five days the boy came back. 3) in, after in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多幺时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一

段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用 时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four o'clock? He returned after a month? (2) 表示地点的介词 1) at, in, on at—般指小地方；in —般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示\在某个物 体的表面\。例如：He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark? There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 2) over, above, on over, on和above都可表示\在 .... 上面\，但具体含义不同。Over

表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是undero above也表示位置高于某物，但不一 定在正上方，其反义词是belowo On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如： There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher's desk. 3) across, through across和through均可表示\从这一边到另一边\，但用法不同。Across

的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在 三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass. The boy swam across the river. They walked through the forest. I pushed through the crowds? 4) in front of, in the front of in front of表示\在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：

There are some tall trees in front of the building.The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 3. 介词的固定搭配

介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。

(1) 介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend...on..., 等。

(2) 介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one's way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end 等。

(3) 介词与形容词的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for 等。

4. 连词的功能 用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，’在句中不能单独使用。 连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。 5. 并列连词 并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：

⑴表并列关系的 and, both...and, not only...but also, neither...nor 等。(2)表选择关系的 or, either...or 等。 (3) 表转折关系的but, while等。(4)表因果关系的for, so等。 6. 从属连词 从属连词用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：

(1) 引导时间状语从句的 after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as 等。 (2) 引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。

(4) 引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。 (6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so...that, such...that等。(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as...as等。 (8)引导名词从句的that, if, whether等。

7. 常用连词的用法辨析

(1) while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。

1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间 状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car. 2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是whiko例如：

While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework. 3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是貂。例如：

As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them. 4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用aso例如： Just as he caught the fly，he gave a loud cry. She looked behind from time to time as she went

5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用wheno例如： When he finished his work, he took a short rest.

6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用wheno例如： 7) When John arrived I was cooking lunch.

2) as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。

1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例 女口： I stayed at home because it rained.Why aren5t you going?■一Because I don^t want to. 2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或sinceo Since比稍微正式一 点。As和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：

As he wasn^t readv, we left without hinuSincc I have no money, I can't buy any food.

3) for用来补充说明二种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以敌在括号里」For引导的句子不放在

句子的开头。例如：1 decided to stop and have lunch——for I was feeling quite hungry. 4) (3) if, whether iF和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互按。例如： I wonder whether (if) you still study in that schooLI don，t know whether (if) he likes that film. 在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：

1) 引导主语从句时。例如：Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2) 引导表语从句时。例如：The question is whether I can pass the exam.

3) 在不定式前。例如：I haven't made up my mind whether to go there or not. (4) §o…that, such.’that

1) so...that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接 名词或名词短语。例如：I'm so tired that I can9t walk any farther. It was such a warm day that he went swimming.

2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用sucho例如： He has so little education that he is unable to get a job> I have had so many falls that 1 am black and blue all over. (5) either...or..neither.? .nor, not only...but also...

这三个连词词组都可连接两不并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，

谓语动词要随相邻的主语变化。例如：Either you or he is vvrong.Neither he nor his children like fish. Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book. (6) although,but

这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“ Although he is

over sixty, but he works as hard as others/9这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others?或 He is over sixty，but he works as hard as others. (7) because, so 这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说\Because John

was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为 Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或 John was ill, so I took him to the doctor. 【演练】

1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived ______ 5 o'clock _______ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on

2. Where's Lilv? We are all here ______ hen A. beside B. about C. except D. with

3. She sent her friend a postcard ______ a birthday present.

A. on B. as C. for D. of

4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school ______ the year of 2000> A. since B. in C. on D> by

5?■一What is a writing brush, do you know?—It's ___ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by

6. English is widely used _____ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _____ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On

& Hong Kong is _____ the south of China，and Macao is _____ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in

9. ?—You，d better not go out now> Ifs raining* ―It doesn't matter. My new coat can keep __ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off

10. Japan lies _____ the east of China. A. to B< in C. about D. at

11. …Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? ―I don't think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English. A. cithcr.??or B. not only... but also C? neither.<

13. Tom failed in the exam again ______ he wanted to pass it very much. A. if B. so C. though D. as

14. I won^t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ________ I have tested him

myself.

A. after B. when C. if D. until

15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _____ he realized it. A. when B? until C. after D. before

16. ■一This dress was last yearns style.—I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year. A. so that B? even though C. as if D. ever since 17. Hurry up， ____ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or 1& The mountain was _____ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top. A? so...as B? so…that C. as...as D. too...to

19. ■一Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi9an?

■一Of course. I remember everything ___ it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B? even though C. rather than D. as if

20. _____ you can't answer this question，we have to ask someone else for help- A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since 【专题七：英语句子的考点集汇，讲解和训练 【名师点睛】

一. 陈述句的构成形式及基本用法 1. 陈述句： 陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调,

句末用句号\?\。 Tom has a new car. The flower isn9t beautiful. 2. 陈述句否定式的构成

（1） 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be,则只需在这些动词后加not

即可构成否定式。 He 蔭 playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定） We can get there before dark.（肯定） We can^ get thee before dark.（否定）

（2） 如棄贏句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又诵命态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在 该

实义动词前加don't, doesn^或didn't。同时把该实义动词变为原形。 He plays the violin well.（肯定 He doesn't play the violin well.（否定） She won the game.（肯定） She didn't win the game.（否定）

（3） 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have （有），除了 be和have之后加not之外，句中如果 有$ome要变为anyo例如：

There is some water in the cup?—>There is not any water in the cup? He has some books?—>He has not any books?

（4） 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike?—There is nothing wrong with his bike. I have seen the film?—>1 have never seen the film?

二. 祈使句的构成形式及基本用法

祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号 朗读时一般用降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句：

（1） 祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主

语或称呼语。 Be quiet? You be quiet!

（2） “Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。

Do come back at once! Do be careful.

（3） please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分

分开。 Open the window, please?

（4） Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。 Let Jack wait a minute? Lefs go to school. （5） 在祈使句中，Let\和Let us是有区别的。Lcfs包括说话者，而Let us不包括听话者在内。这 点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。

Let's go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议） Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发岀请 求）

2. 否定祈使句通常以Don9t或Never开头。其结构通常是:uDon,t（Never）+动词原形+其他成分”例如:

Don't do that again Never leave today's work for tomorrow Don't be late next time! 三. 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问荀、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法 1. 一般疑问句：

（1） 一般疑问句的肯定形式

一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have （有）开始，通常要求以yes,或 no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。 Do you know Mr. Smith? Can you swim? （2） 一般疑问句的否定结构

① 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形 式则须将与一般疑问句句首的be, have,助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中, 一般都采用简略式。 Arc you not a football fan? Aren% you a football fan? Will she not like it? Won't she like it?

② 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来 决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。 Aren't you a football fan?你不是足球迷吗？ Yes, I am.No, I am not. Won't she like it? Yes, she will. No, she won't.

2. 特殊疑问句

特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+—般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑 问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例 如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?

What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now? 常用的特殊疑问尙 例句 回答 询问内容 疑问词或句型 What is your father? He is a doctor. 职业，身份 what 姓名或关系 who 相貌特征 what... like? 目的 原因 what...for? why Who is that boy? He is Jack. He is mv brother What is she like? What does she look like? She is beautiful. What did they come here for? VVhv did they come here? To attend a meeting. Because they have a meeting to attend.