二、初高中英语衔接
专题一：名词考点集汇，讲解和训练
【名师点睛】一、名词的数1.单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数 形式后加词尾构成，其主要变法如下：(1) 一般情况在词尾加例如：book—>books, girl->girls, boy—>boys, pen—>pcns,doctor—>doctors, boy—?boys0
(2) 以 s, x, ch, sh,结尾的词加?e§,例如：bus^buses, class^classes
box—>boxes, watch—>watches, brush—>brusheso
(3) 以 ce, se, ze, (d) ge 结尾的名词加 s,例如：orang—orangeso (4) 以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变\为“i”再加?c§,例如:city—*cities, factory—>factorics, country—>countrics,
family^familieso但要建意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的賀数形式只加s,如：boy—boys, day—>dayso
(5) 以 o 结尾的词多数都加?e§。例如:hero—>heroes, potato—>potatoes, tomato—>tomatoes,但词末
为 两个元音字母的词只加例如：zoo—>zoos, radio—>radios,还有某些外来词也只加?§,例如： photo—>photos, piano—>pianoso
(6) 以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 为 v 再加?es,例如：knife^knives, leaf-^leaves, half-^halveso 复数词尾§ (或臂)的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾§ (或e§)的读音方法 读法 例词 在等清辅音后 |s| cups, hats, cakes 在|s]|zj|t]|d川F]等音后 glasses, pages, oranges, buses, |iz] watchesjaces 在[b|[d][g][v]等浊辅音后 kJ beds, dogs, citie為 knives (7) 少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：man—>mcn, woman—>womcn, tooth—>teeth, foot—>fcct, child—^children, mouse—>miceo 【注意】与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是?men和 -womeno 例如：an Englishman? two Englishmeno 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans； man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers, women
teachcrso有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish等。但当fish表示不同 种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。
(8) 单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。
(9)数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符例如an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walko (10)还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses> goods ashes, scissors? compasseso (11)只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls
专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls 其他名词：news, falls
2. 不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名可如果要表示“量的概念”，可以用以下两种方法:
(1) 用 much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如：
The rich man has a lot of money. There is some milk in the bottle? Is there any water in the glass? I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice.
(2) 用 a piece of 这类定语，例如： a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water ( milk) a cup of tea
a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice
如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如： tvvo cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water
不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。 二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示入或物的所有，以及领属关系。
1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加I,其复数形式是例如：a studenfs room, students1 rooms, father's shoeso
2. 如其结尾不是§的复数形式仍加I,如：Children^ Dayo
情况 3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用I,例如：a twenty minuted walk, ten miles1 journey, a boat's length, two pounds9 weight, ten dollars1 wortho
4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China, the end of this term, the capital of our country^ the color of the flowers o
5. 双重所有格，例如：africndofmyfathcrl。【注意】 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有I,则表示 \分别有\，例如：John's and Mary's rooms （约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes （两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个's,则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room （约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother （即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。 【演练】1? Where have you been, Tim? — Pve been to _________ ?
A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henryks home D. Henry's
2. In England, if ___ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
3? You looked for it twice, but you haven% found it. Why not try __ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
4. …They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?…Certainly.
A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C? some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters 5. Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. car 6. There is some _______ on the plate* A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
7. In England, the last name is the _______ ?
A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name 8. They are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans 9. The _____ has two _______ ?
A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch 10. The little baby has two _______ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
11 ? What's your _______ for being late again? A. idea B. kev C. excuse D. news
12. …It's dangerous here. We^d better go out quickly. …But 1 think we should let_________ go out first A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children 13. — You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “ ______ \…Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14. Are they going to have a picnic on ______ ?
A. Children's Day B. Childrens^ Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day 15. Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
A. the Room 406 B? Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room 专题二：形容词、副词考点集汇，讲解和训练
【名师点睛】1.形容词的用法 （1）形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。例如：
Our country is a beautiful country.（作定语） The fish went bad.（作表语） We keep our classroom clean and tidv?（作宾语补足语）
（2） 形容词穆饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，形容词放在名词后面。
I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film?
（3） 用and或or连接起来的两个形?容词作定语时一般抱它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释
的作用 o Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small? （4） the+形蓉词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor. 2.副词的用法⑴ 副词在句中可作状语，表语和定语。He studies very hard. （作状语） Life here is full of joy.（作定语） When will vou be back?（作表语） 畐j融其用途和薈义可分为下面五类：
1）时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。仮!|如：
He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He is never been to Beijing?
2) 地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等。 例女口： I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs? Put down your name here?
3) 方式副词 ? ‘
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？ ”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾?ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾?ly,它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide 等。例如： The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The birds are living high? 4) 程度副词 2
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有:much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly 等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good? She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. 5) 疑问副词是用來引导特廉疑问句的副词。常见禹疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。丽如： How are vou getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did vou do that? (2) 副词在句审的位置1)多数副词祜状语时放在动词之后。如窠动論带有克语，则敌在長语之后。例 如：Mr Smith works very hard. She speaks English well.
2) 频度副词作状语時，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如： He usually gets up early. I've never heard him singing? She is seldom ill. 3) 程度副词'一般放在所核饰的形容词和副词的前面，但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后 面。例如：It is a rather difficult job. He runs very1 fast He didn9t work hard enough. 4) 副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：
On my way home, 1 met my unde. The students there have a lot time to do their own research work. (3) 論分常用副词的用法
1) very, much 这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：
She is a very nice girl Pm feeling much better now. Much 可以修饰动词，而 very 则不能。例如：
I don't like the idea much? They did not talk much? 2) too, either 这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如： She can dance, and I can dance, too. I haven't read the book and my brother hasn't either. 3) already, yet already —般用于语肯定句，yet —般用于否定旬。例如：
He has already left? Have you heard from him yet? He hasn't answered yet? 4) so, neither so和neither都可用于倒装句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。
例女口： My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesift like dancing and neither do I.
3. 形容词和副词必比较级和最高级
(1) 两个人或事物的比较时(不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物)，用比较级。
Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class?
(2) most同形容词连用而不用the,表示\极，很,聶常，十分\。It*s most dangerous to be here. 在这 儿太危险。
⑶“The+形容词比较级???,the+形容词比较级???”表示“越???就越???” o
The more you study, the more you know?
(4) \形容词比较级+ and +形容词比较级\，表示“越来越???”。 Ifs getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语係动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词，表示某种人。 He always helps the poor.
(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上禹人和物进行比较。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in
China? 【演练】
1 ? There are many young trees on _ sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all 2.…It's so cold today.…Yes, it's _____ than it was yesterday.
A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold 3. Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone. B.
D. few A. more a little C. many
4. She isn^t so _ .at maths as you are.
B. good C. better D. best A? well
5. Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well 6. He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest 7. I bought ___ exercise-books with ___ money.
D> a little; a little A. a few; a few Be a few; a little C. a little; a few
& The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too;to B. to;too C. so; that D. no; to 9. The ice in the lake is about one meter ? If s strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide
10. Wu Lin ran __ faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
11. Jone looks so ______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test A. happy B. happily C. angry D? angrily
12. The smile on my father、face showed that he was _____ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
13. ―Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, vve can buy ___ one than this, but _____ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as 14. —This digital camera is really cheap! ■一The ____ the better. Pm short of money, you see. A. cheap B? cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as ______ as possible- A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
16. Paul has _____ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more
17. English people ____ use Mr. Before a man's first name> A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
18. —-One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.?Right The government spoke ___ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of
19?一Remember this, children. _ careful you are, ___ mistakes you will make.We know，Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less 20> I have to do todav>
■ ■ V
A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something 专题三：动词考点集汇，讲解和训练
1?动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一 般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 （1）一般现在时的基本用法
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
时I可状语： every% sometimes, at???, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 \
The earth moves around the sun? Shanghai lies in the east of China? 3） 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.
【注意】此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4） 现在时刻的状击、能力、性格、个性。 I donS want so much.
5） 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一*般现在时句中可
用来表示将來肯定会发生的动用。 The train comes at 3 （/clock.
初中升高中英语衔接复习材料.docx
